MF: Strata Doc
- So-called “megaflood” deposits are thick sedimentary layers displaying a variety of morphologies over wide areas that are the product of large scale, high velocity floods [Carling, 2013].
- Quoting Berthault [2004], “Sedimentology analysis and reconstruction of sedimentation conditions of the Tonto Group [Grand Canyon] reveals that deposits of different stratigraphic sub-divisions were formed simultaneously in different litho-dynamical zones of the Cambrian paleobasin.”
- McKee and Crosby [1967] showed that sediments formed simultaneously by size and density in moving waters spontaneously in the enormous Bijou Flood in Colorado in 1965.
- “Thus, the stratigraphic divisions of the geological column founded on the principles of Steno do not correspond to the reality of sedimentary genesis” [Berthlault, 2002].
- This has been confirmed by experiment [Makse et al., 1997; Julien et al., 1993].
- Maithel et al. [2013] found the large cross-beds of the Coconino sandstones of the Grand Canyon difficult to explain within current aeolian models, and they suggest that a significant part of the Coconino may have been formed under water.
- Mudstones such as shale compose about 62% of the geologic column.
- They are generally considered to have formed slowly in the quiet environment of ancient lakes.
- However, flume experiments show that mudstones can form in moving waters [Schieber and Southard, 2009].
- (Optional) - Radiocarbon dating of shale containing 10.88% carbon from a quarry in Colorado’s Eocene Green River Formation yielded a pMC of 0.37, or a 14C age of 45,130 ± 270 14C years BP (Table 2, #13) and δ13C of -31.6 in 2010 on University of Georgia's AMS equipment, which is reliable to 0.11 pMC, or 55,000 14C years BP.
Carling, P. A. (2013), Freshwater megaflood sedimentation: What can we learn about generic processes? Earth-Science Reviews, 125, 87-113, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.06.002.
Berthault, G. (2004), Sedimentological interpretation of the Tonto Group stratigraphy (Grand Canyon Colorado River), Lithology and Mineral Resources, 39(5), 480-484, doi:10.1023/B:LIMI.0000040737.85572.4c.
McKee E. D., E. J. Crosby, and H. L. Berryhill (1967), Flood deposits, Bijou Creek, Colorado, June 1965, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 37(3), 829-851, doi:10.1306/74D717B2-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Berthault, G. (2002), Geological dating principles questioned. Paleohydraulics: a new approach, Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 22(3), 19-26.
Makse, H. A., S. Havlin, P. R. King, and H. E. Stanley (1997), Spontaneous stratification in granular mixtures, Nature 386, 379-382, doi:10.1038/386379a0.
Julien, P. Y., Y. Lan and G. Berthault (1993), Experiments on Stratification of Heterogeneous Sand Mixtures, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 164(5), 649-660.
Maithel, S. A., Brand, L. R., and J. H. Whitmore (2013), Morphology of Avalanche Beds in the Coconino Sandstone at Chino Wash, Seligman, Arizona, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45(7), 126
Schieber, J., and J. B. Southard (2009), Bedload transport of mud by floccule ripples - Direct observation of ripple migration processes and their implications, Geology, 37(6), 483-486, doi:10.1130/G25319A.1.
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http://creationwiki.org/CatastrophismEvidence
- The earth's history has without question been violent. However, life remains and flourishes. The central focus of the creation vs. evolution debate is whether catastrophes in earth's past were the result of natural processes over millions of years, or a catastrophic flood of global proportions described in the Bible as God's judgment. If we assume the geologic column was formed during the global flood, then this deluge may also have been accompanied by numerous volcanic flows and quite possibly meteor bombardments. What we see all over the world consistent with a global flood is layers upon layers of sedimentary rock or strata with millions of fossils in it. Several sites provide us with examples of large-scale catastrophic processes important for understanding the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the earth's strata.
...
- - Global Flood
- - Main Article: Global flood
- The secular interpretation of earth's history assumes there were repeated floods and other catastrophes which caused the extinction of many animals, but were of insufficient intensity to destroy all terrestrial life. However, the Bible says there was a flood that no terrestrial animal or human could survive without divine intervention. And indeed, a single event capable of depositing the entire geological column would not be survivable. It is certainly a fact that cataclysms have occurred in the earth's past, and vast layers of sediment testify to these disasters. When you examine the evidence closely you will see that the fossil record has simply been misinterpreted by the atheistic scientific community, and is instead a recording of a devastating global flood.
- The extensive distribution of sedimentary rocks would quickly be interpreted as the result of a single major catastrophe by geologists but for the presence today of living animals whose existence atop of these formations must be explained naturalistically. Given the depth and distribution of the sediments that cover the earth, it is a foregone conclusion that no terrestrial animal could have survived their deposition if formed during a single event. Likewise, if the flood occurred as described in the Bible, animals could not have survived without God's supernatural intervention. God told Noah there was going to be a flood, gave him instructions on how to survive the event, and had them board the ark before the flood began. The evidence from a historic scenario like Noah's flood could simply not be believed by a naturalist. The only possible naturalistic interpretation is that the organisms alive today were able to survive the deposition of these massive rock layers without such assistance. A naturalist must believe the geological column accumulated at an extremely slow and gradual rate over millions of years for the many fragile organisms alive today to avoid extinction.
- An interesting fact is that if North America didn't "float" on the mantle, the waters would almost be as high as the Rocky Mountain system.
“ A University of Utah study shows how various regions of North America are kept afloat by heat within Earth’s rocky crust, and how much of the continent would sink beneath sea level if not for heat that makes rock buoyant....
- Mile-high Denver’s elevation would be 727 feet below sea level and Salt Lake City, now about 4,220 feet, would sit beneath 1,293 feet of water. But high-elevation areas of the Rocky Mountains between Salt Lake and Denver would remain dry land.[10] ”
- - External Links
Up with Catastrophism! by Dr. Henry Morris. ICR Impact #38
Neo-Catastrophism by Dr. Gary Parker
See Also
Channeled Scablands
Grand Canyon
Mt. St. Helens
Joggins, Nova Scotia
Yellowstone National Park
Reasons Skeptics Should Consider Christianity#Depositional Rates