FUNDAY
General Category => LK1 Sedimentation => Topic started by: Admin on January 27, 2017, 01:44:43 pm
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https://www.google.com/search?q=geologic+cross+section+asia
http://nachon.free.fr/overthrust/himalaya-tibet.gif
http://www.noahcode.org/the-geologic-column---falsified.html
The Noah Code Chapter XIX
=2b. [There are] remnant sections of an earlier earth, these sediment layers called "Pre-Cambrian" or pre-life. They define them "pre-life" because they contain no fossils, except pollen,* the same pollen we find in modern rocks! As there was no mass death recorded before the flood event, we should expect to find a virgin layer without fossils at such depths
*The Roraima pre-cambrian formation contains pollen in South America as does the Grand Canyon
Why are they fossil free?
These upper are the death layers, where life ended in mass destruction, including those of the dinosaurs and large mammals, like the Mammoths!
=1. [Take the] Geologic Column ... Flip it upside down to fit Montana and Alberta, reshuffle to fit Alaska, Switzerland, Oregon and Wyoming.
=2b. It also assumes the impossible, that if a creature dies, it’s slowly covered by sediments and fossilized, something that rarely or only in extreme cases ever occurs in nature.
this is not how it works in nature. If an animal dies, its normally quickly dismembered, consumed or dismembered by any number of means before being covered in sediments over great ages.
If evolution is true ... one should find entire sequences of transitional forms in the layers, thousands of them, but the fact is, there are none.
If we interpret the Chart in light of the flood model, we may understand that the immobile or slow moving sea creatures would be covered first by flood sediments, (as previously described by Dr. Austin in the case of a turbidity covering the moving nautiloids) this in the order of water mobility, starting with shell creatures and bottom crawlers (such as trilobites, worms and plants such as the crinoids, known only to grow in deep water environments starting at a depth of 600 feet and deeper
Moving up the chart we see creatures with increased mobility, just as we would expect to find in the fishes and nautiloids being chased and covered by subsurface turbidity sediments, (as described by Dr. Austin in a previous chapter) then destroyed and trapped in layers, precisely as they are found in square miles of deposits world-wide. These would naturally be followed and sometimes commingled with the sinking reptiles, often found as such co-located in the fossil record. (So found in the public displays of the Morrison Formation at the National Dinosaur Monument at Vernal, UT.)
Last at the top, we have humans, land and marine mammals. From a flood perspective, portions of the chart tell a story
Animals that bloat and float (like the mammals) would often be found entombed higher in the layers; they being dismembered and buried last, depending upon the rapidity of the covering. Of course, as the flood was not a calm and uniform event, we would expect to find exceptions, such as that in Alaska where we have dinosaurs buried above mammals at Colville River on the North Slope, with a coal layer between! One must also assume the better runners and swimmers would find high ground before being overcome, people inclusive, they knowledgeable of the ultimate demise. Such would account for human fossil deposits being found higher as they moved to safe ground, explaining why few are found in proportion to the heavier reptiles buried early on.
We can assume floating biomasses existed for square miles in various places, this an intermingled body of dead corpses and vegetable masses, some sinking and covered by sediments, and some creating the coal and oil deposits we see today. Among the coal formations we find many fossils: e.g. a shark was unearthed as recently as 2010 in coal, a date of over 200 million years ... with no C-14 testing at all!
<EXPLAIN DEEP LAYERS OF COAL.>
These floating masses would have attracted carrion eaters of all types including the large sharks, evidenced by the type of bone fracturing exhibited in many deposits and shark teeth remains, especially among the ossifurous deposits previously mentioned.
With the detonation of the volcanoes we could expect tremendous underwater die offs
Here animals such as whales and marine mammals are piled en masse,[ii]
Also found are mass deposits of fish, many with arched backs and other marks of stress, suggestive of concussion death where complete schools were annihilated leaving deposits measured in many square miles.
We may assume people didn't choose to live near areas where the larger dinosaurs lived as a case of habit, so we should expect such an association in the fossil record rare.
this comment from Dan Batton of CMI[iii] in 2013
Gradually, more and more evidence is being discovered ... that dinosaurs and other creatures ... mammals and dinosaurs ... coexisted[iv]
=1. The only case where the apparent superposition may be deceptive is where the strata have been inverted, as in the Alps, where the rocks composing huge mountain masses have been so completely overturned that the highest beds appear as if regularly covered by others, which ought properly to underlie them." [v]
Geikie also discuses the common formation of inter-bedding, where wedges of various strata inter-tongue perfectly, allowing for no space in time ,and explains the development of such features occurring in the present along beach formations found in the UK, but on a smaller scale.
=2b. He goes on to explain the phenomena known now as "Polystrate Trees" where individual tree trunks span [supposed] multiple geologic time intervals
=0. Dr. Edmund Spiekler ... states: ... how many of us realize that the time scale was frozen in essentially its present form by 1840? How much world geology was known in 1840? A bit of Western Europe, none too well, and a lesser fringe of eastern North America.
=1. And in many parts of the world, notably India and South America, it does not fit. ...[vi]"
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26343894
[ii] http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/photogalleries/arctic-monster/photo5.html
[iii] Creation Ministries International www.creation.com
[iv] Creation Ministries International newsletter, Mr. Don Batten Oct 28, 2013
[v] Archibald Geikie Text-Book of Geology 1885, sec. ed. Selections
[vi] Edmund M. Spieker: “Mountain-Building Chronology and Nature of Geologic Time-Scale,” Bulletin American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Vol. 40, August 1956, p. 1803.
[vii] Whitcomb, J and Morris, H. (1961). The Genesis Flood (pp. 209-211). Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company.
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=1. Chief Mountain of the 360 mile Lewis Range. The older strata sit atop the younger with a missing gap of 400 Million years!
Amazingly, the water that eroded the Grand Canyon cut through ... these upper layers to the First Earth sediments. In the image above notice the tilted layers beneath the red line, directly slicing through a spot where the first-earth layers lay. Further, we find these primal layers tilted and fractured, sitting at angles. This indicates the entire crust was smashed at this locale.
we have at the bottom layers of the canyon the original earth eroded off flat, as if by a giant rock saw. What layer sits directly above this cut? Hundreds of feet of near pure sandstone ... full of marine fossils! Note this layer is intercontinental in size, extending over a million square miles!
Geology of the summit limestone of Mount (Everest) of the Yellow Band 2005 Harutaka, Sakai etal Un of Tokyo 12/2005; 14(4):297
[ii] Morris & Whitcomb The Genesis Flood 1961 Pres& Reformed Pub p. 199
[iii] Archibald Geikie Text-Book of Geology 1885, sec. ed. Selections
[iv] Price, The New Geology
[v]Price, George McCready Evolutionary Geology and the New Catastrophism Pacific Press Publishing Association (1926): p.335-
[vi] Price, George McCready, “Evolutionary Geology and the New Catastrophism” Pacific Press Publishing Association (1926): p. 337
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=2a. Mt Everest summit rocks contain trilobites, brachiopods and chronids, said to be of the 600 MY old Ordovician age. These sit atop much younger limestone’s of the Cretaceous, dated between 14 and 40 Million years using isotope methods in the "Yellow Band."
Matterhorn rocks of supposed 40 Million year age sit at the base of the pinnacle, directly under the oldest rocks of the 225 MYr old Triassic period. Theorists say the upper layers came from Africa.[ii]*
*Geikie observes: "…in the Alps, where the rocks composing huge mountain masses have been so completely overturned that the highest beds appear as if regularly covered by others, which ought properly to underlie them."[iii]
In the Grand Canyon ... the Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous units representing 270 Million years are missing. Isotope dating of magmatic flows show the upper flow dates older than the canyon bottom flow by over 200 MY!
The Mt St Helens valley (right hand image) was cut out in a single day. The Grand Canyon [took a little longer]....
=1. On the left, notice the exposed rough walls cutting through the granites, indicative of a past catastrophic event, not from slow erosion processes of the Colorado River as geology texts claim. Can a river eroding one-grain-of-sand at a time leave the jagged edges (dark rock center left and right)? No, rivers leave smooth walls. The Mt St. Helens eruption and the Missoula Flood taught geologists a catastrophic gush of flood water can rip through mountains!
The Tapeats ... covers millions of square miles
The Tapeats is classified as a turbidity - a high speed underwater mud flow. As can be determined from the wide distribution of this formation, a "local Flood" was not involved in this massive deposit.
"You are Here" The Tapeats sandstone contact zone at canyon bottom indicate tremendous forces and heat enough to melt granite.
The Great Unconformity - close up and personal. Here you can see the heat tempering caused by the friction, weight and the sawing action of millions of tons of water laden sediments from the flood. They acted cutting off the tops of these granite blocks, (actually mountain ranges) by the Tapeats sands near the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
The Great Unconformity contact zone exhibits' heat, severe compression and a perfectly defined event horizon, only ˝” thick in places. ..."
Now ... consider another formation ... the Tyee formation in Oregon.
Snavely, Park et al 1964 see http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/169/Snavely/index.html#
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=1. The Tyee deposit, (top arrow) extends across a thousand square miles of the Oregon Coast range, here at 4,000 ft!
A section of water deposited hi-speed mudflow with fossils makes up the (RH) peak of the Mary's summit at the 4,000 foot level. Deep sea drilling revealed its thickness is in excess of 10,000 feet at sea!
The hump just to the right of the summit in the upper image is actually a sandstone turbidity deposit (a high-speed underwater mudflow).
The Coast Range in Oregon is a result of the Pacific Plate being rapidly pushed under the North American Continental Plate, which bulged this area vertically. The Tyee shows up atop many of the mountains near and south of Mary’s, substantially thicker in places and tilting to the south.
A recent study using spectral analysis of the granules that make up the Tyee pinpointed a new origin of the material - the Rocky Mountains!
It would appear the Continental Divide uplift caused a westward current off-flow, eroding the Rockies. Their particles became the Tyee, flowing to the west to the ocean, not from the south, as postulated [previously].
A 1964 USGS study completed by Dr. Parke D. Snavely, Jr., Holly C. Wagner, and Norman S. MacLeod[ii] documents the Geology of the Tyee, showing the area was reformed by a tremendous catastrophe involving volcanism, pyroclastic flows, ash and water in the not too distant past. The study elaborates for pages describing how this part of the west was catastrophically destroyed volcanically and redistributed by water, leaving deposits like the Tyee behind, building to a thickness of up to 10-15,000 feet! A “pyroclastic flow” of ash debris infused with superheated water.... Such massive geologic work would have affected the entire world, doing more geologic work than Krakatoa itself!
What actually forms many valley features (as determined from the St. Helens and Missoula Flood events) is that these high speed clastic flows of volcanic debris simply dredge out valley channels as they move (some found moving up to 60 MPH). In other words, the drainage formed is a result of fast formed channels, not from water erosion for eons of time!
Professor Ewart Baldwin, University of Oregon's Geology department Director for many years, stated that the Tyee was formed quickly and eroded rapidly! The Tyee carried the land borne sediment to the sea as the "waters ran continually off the earth"
HEELER, P. et al 1985. Isotopic provenance of sandstones from the Eocene Tyee Formation, Oregon, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 770-80. (http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/96/6/770.abstract)
[ii] Geology of Oregon, Baldwin Ewart M. 1964 fig. 9 "Cross section through the Central Coast Range" FIG 2 Tyee deposition map image
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=1. The 10,000 foot homogenous Tyee sandstone deposit (LH) compared to the Grand Canyon (RH) for scale
The Grand Canyon (RH) layers reach 7,000 feet above the canyon floor. On the left, the Tyee, a single homogenous deposit of 6,000-15,000 feet, deposited and eroded "rapidly" per the late Dr. Ewart Baldwin - Geology of Oregon 1976 &. Dr. Parke Snavely, etal 1964.
Dr. Baldwin mentions the Tyee formation's great thickness and states: [it] "must have been deposited catastrophically."
So we have the Tyee, another monument to catastrophe on Mary's Peak, the Last Mountain Standing.
Baldwin, Ewart M. Geology of Oregon Kendall Hunt Publishers, 1964 and 1976 p. 7, 24
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=1. Figure 85 Cross section of the Lewis Overthrust ... 360 mile range
The Lewis Range has trilobites and other "older" fossils within the top layers, and far younger fossils according to the "geologic chart" in the base.
The classic example [of Overthrusts] is found in Montana and British Columbia in the Lewis Range
Commenting on the chapter concerning "Thrust Faults" (such as the Lewis and other anomalies) compared to uniformity, Michael Oard23 comments:
"As the mountains uplifted, the authors point out that some of them spread laterally, thrusting rocks over the surrounding lowlands (cited ref. p. 12). This would account for all the thrust faults, if indeed they are real. Do the authors (Oard says), or anybody else, know the cause of such recent vertical tectonics? Does the lack of a mechanism nullify the authors’ field deductions? The answer is no. They provide a list of 20 possible mechanisms for vertical tectonics, none of which can be demonstrated to be occurring today.”
Dr. John Morris ... mentions that geologists estimate 90% of all the [mountain] ranges are less than 5 million years old, (some less than 2 [million]) ...[iii]
[The author says] the tectonic forces ... created them quickly accordion style!
Price quoting Dana, Manual, p. 365
[ii] Price, quoting Willis, Research in Asia, Vol. 2, p. 24.
[iii] Morris, John D, The Global Flood 2013 p
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=1. Figure 86 ... The material was deposited level at the onset of the Flood, the missing material eroded as the Flood waters rushed off the earth’s surface. Such hill structures are the most common in the world.
Europe
The Caspian Basin in Europe is a huge "sink" that contains many uniform layers of water deposited sediments: It is filled by sedimentary rocks measuring up to 17.4 miles or 28 km thick! [iv]
This deep sedimentary basin is somewhat circular with a diameter ... 350 km by 550 km.[vi]
“The Caspian Sea basins of Central Eurasia constitute one of the major petroleum provinces of the world (Devlin et al., 1999)"
The geology around the perimeter of this area shows no signs of the ability to seasonally transport sediments to this extent.
[See https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marie-Francoise_Brunet2/publication/50944285/figure/fig2/AS:305886179414022@1449940356748/Fig-2-Regional-crustal-scale-cross-section-through-the-Kura-and-South-Caspian-basins.png ]
Africa
Concerning Africa, and large-scale planation surfaces [level plains], especially those existing at altitude, are difficult to explain by any other mechanism than the withdrawal of the Flood’s waters in its late stage. Oard states: "These occur all over the world, although one of the most remarkable is that found in Africa.[viii] The African Surface, as it is called, covers most of Africa. Mountains, rift flank uplifts, and volcanoes were all once eroded down to form this planation surface up until the Mid Cenozoic. ... Then it was tectonically deformed, causing the erosion that created the Great Escarpment that circles southern Africa — also within the Late Cenozoic. The Great Escarpment is up to 9,800 feet or 3,000 m high in southeast Africa and is called the Drakensberg. (... the geologic work involved would be hard to image happening today) that would explain such widespread erosion, both in creating the original large planation surface and the subsequent Great Escarpments. The strong implication is that the Flood created these features and the Flood/post-Flood boundary in much of Africa is in the very late Cenozoic.[ix]"
Plains and Hills
Oard- reports that Ollier and Pain maintain that after the base strata were folded by tectonic events, they were planed down to form flat surfaces, called planation surfaces, on all the continents, including Antarctica (cited text p. 214). This process cut across most previously folded sedimentary rocks, and smoothed both the hard and soft rocks evenly. "Even massive granites were "planed" over in many areas, as in the Tien Shan Mountains of central Asia (p. 144). The original surfaces were planed down to what is called base level, which the authors show is usually considered sea level (p. 3). Its interesting that one area occupied by the Apennines Mountains of Italy today, was planed below sea level!"
Some planation surfaces are very flat, such as the plains of Australia and Africa (p. 1). Oard explains: "Ollier and Pain marvel how such planation could have occurred at all and that it was widespread" citing the authors:
“The remarkable thing is that plains of great perfection are even made, ... But ... planation surfaces were widespread before the uplift of the many mountains of Plio-Pleistocene [recent] age” (p. 302)."
Oard comments: "The authors expressed surprise because the observed surfaces are inconsistent with their uniformitarian worldview. Present processes roughen surfaces, forming rills, coulees and valleys. Planed surfaces do not develop today, except on a very local scale.... Furthermore, the field relationships show that planation in the past mostly occurred in the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene period (p. 302), suggesting that it occurred rapidly...."
Australia
"The Kimberly Plateau of north central Australia that was planed in the Proterozoic (ancient rock) and has apparently not been covered by protecting sediments since then (p. 27). It defies imagination how such a surface could have remained so flat for 600 million years or more, when present processes could dissect a continent and erode it to near sea level in 10 to 33 million years. The presence of such ‘old’ planation surfaces is objective evidence that the dating methods, both fossil and radiometric, used to date the time of planation are wrong. Oard notes.[xi]"
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=1. Mountains uplifted globally in Plio-Pleistocene
- Oard continues: "Ollier and Pain believe this time frame is the origin of nearly all mountains and have an impressive amount of evidence to back up their conclusion.
- He says "In the mountains today we observe all stages of this past dissection.
- Some planation surfaces were dissected completely during uplift, leaving behind rough mountains with no sign of a planation surface.
- In other mountains, the planation surface is left on the top as an erosional remnant.
- Sometimes these planation surfaces are at different altitudes in the mountains due to differential uplift.
- The highest mountains in Montana, the Beartooth Mountains, are an excellent example of this.
- They display impressive flat topped granitic peaks at a height of about 4,000 m."
Oard summarizes; "they present an impressive table of mountains from all over the world that uplifted during ... the Pliocene and Pleistocene (pp. 304–306)."
*Oard, M.J., Antiquity of landforms: objective evidence that dating methods are wrong
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=1. North America
"The origin of far-transported, resistant, well-rounded quartzite rocks in the northwest United States and adjacent Canada has been documented. These gravel-to boulder-sized rocks have been transported up to 1,200 km east of the Rocky Mountains and 650 km west, and have filled deep paleovalleys with over 4,500 [meters] of thick conglomerate in eastern Idaho and northwest Wyoming.
The Bighorn Basin is about 190 km north-south and 110 km east-west, an area of 20,900 km2
a widespread erosional event must have removed at least 744 m of the basin fill in the eastern half of the basin…it must have been transported a great distance, perhaps all the way off the continent.[ii]
in the Bighorn Basin, Oard mentions: "Some of the gravel is quartzite, but the closest source of quartzite is central Idaho ... about 400 km away. ...[iii]"
Asia
Oard comments; "Although the coarse gravel in south-central Asia was not transported as far [as in the United States], it accumulated in thicker sheets; often reaching 1,000 [meters] with a maximum of around 3,000 [meters]! All of the erosion of the mountains and the accumulation of thick gravel occurred in the Late Cenozoic." Oard continues: "Similar gravel deposits have been found in south-central Asia.[vii] The transport of resistant rocks from the erosion of the surrounding mountains in that locale is somewhat different from that in the northwest United States and Canada, in that the gravel mainly forms an apron around the edges of the surrounding basins. Although the coarse gravel in south-central Asia was not transported as far, it accumulated in thicker sheets; often reaching 1,000 m with a maximum of around 3,000 m!"
J. Creation 21(1):98–110, 2007. p 105
[ii] Duller, R.A., Whittaker, A.C., Swinehart, J.B., Armitage, J.J., Sinclair, H.D., Bair, A. and Allen, P.A., Abrupt landscape change post–6 Ma on the central Great Plains, USA, Geology 40(10):871–874, 2012.
[iii] Oard, M.J., Hergenrather, J. and Klevberg, P., Flood transported quartzites east of the Rocky Mountains, J. Creation 19 (3):76–90, 2005
[iv] Knapp, C.C., Knapp, J.H. and Connor, J.A., Crustal-scale structure of the South Caspian Basin revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling, Marine and Petroleum Geology 21:1073–1081, 2004.
[v] Artyushkov, E.V., Formation of the superdeep South Caspian basin: subsidence driven by phase change in continental crust, Russian Geology and Geophysics 48:1002–1014, 2007Oard, M.J., The geological column is a general Flood order with many exceptions; in: Reed, J.K. and Oard, M.J. (Eds.), The Geological Column: Perspectives within Diluvial Geology, Creation Research Society Books, Chino Valley, AZ, pp. 99–121, 2006.
[vi] Nadirov, R.S., Bagirov, E., Tagiyev, M. and Lerche, I., Flexural plate subsidence, sedimentation rates, and structural development of the super-deep South Caspian Basin, Marine and Petroleum Geology 14:383–400, 1997.
[vii] Oard, M.J., Retreating Stage formation of gravel sheets in south-central Asia, J. Creation 25(3):68–73, 2011
[viii] Oard, M.J., The remarkable African planation surface, J. Creation 25(1): 111–122, 2011.Oard, M.J., The geological column is a general Flood order with many exceptions, J. Creation 24(2):78–82, 2010.
[ix] Oard, M.J., Is the geological column a global sequence? J. Creation 24(1):56– 64, 2010
- http://creation.com/mountains-rose
[xi] Oard, M.J., Antiquity of landforms: objective evidence that dating methods are wrong, CEN Tech. J 14(1):35–39, 2000