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Re: SEARCHES
« on: July 10, 2021, 10:00:28 pm »
ENHEDUANNA

The En-hedu-Ana Research Pages
https://www.angelfire.com/mi/enheduanna/

Forum [Journals] [SIS Review]
_From: SIS Chronology & Catastrophism Review 1993 (Vol XV) Home | Issue Contents Forum
_Comet Catastrophes and the the Interpretation of Myth - a response from David Salkeld Pages 35-44 of Review XIV (1992) present a challenge' (posed by the Editor and four responses to it) on the entwined issues of the agents responsible for cometary catastrophes and their identification in the corpus of myth. The central problem arises from Clube and Napier's books and is summarised by Bernard thus: "If ... the real agent of catastrophe was the comet Encke - and Venus was on a stable orbit as at present - how does one reconcile the myths (indicating a cometary and catastrophic Venus') with the postulated agent? In The Cosmic Serpent, Clube and Napier solved this problem by reference to certain commensurabilities' between the orbits of Encke and Venus (and Halley and Mars). I was highly critical of the commensurabilities' concept in my 1983 review but I note that the idea has since been cited favourably by Prof Emilio Spedicato. Perhaps the concept needs to be looked into in more detail. On the other hand, Clube and Napier's other explanation, namely that the properties of the catastrophic cometary goddess only became attached to the planet Venus at some late date in history, was demolished by me in 1983. I demonstrated by reference to depictions on Mesopotamian seals and inscriptions a). Venus as a star from the earliest times, b). the Venus goddess Ishtar (= Inanna) as the Morning and Evening Star from at least the Isin-Larsa period, yet c). Ishtar/Inanna also had cometary and catastrophist attributes both in earlier and later periods. In 1985 in an article on ____Enheduanna's hymn' (dated to the reign of Naram-Sin, conventionally c.2300 BC) I cited Inanna's astral and yet terrestrial aspects and argued the case, independently of anything Velikovsky had written, for ____Enheduanna having witnessed a catastrophe caused by the deity Inanna. Much has been written about the paradoxical nature of the goddess in mythology. She can be the deity of both love and war, of beauty and destruction. To which I can add (of the goddess Inanna) she can be both astral and yet terrestrial, cometary and yet (in the same era) the Evening and Morning Star. Is there any way of understanding these paradoxical features? Is it possible, for instance, for a comet like Encke to have tangled with the planet Venus (then on a stable orbit like at present) thus giving the impression that the Morning/Evening Star had a
... cosmology of Clube and Napier with the mythology of Velikovsky - but before I do so let us see what other alternatives remain for the committed follower of Velikovsky. 1. Postulate there having been different conditions in the Solar System which have enabled the circularisation of orbits (especially that of Venus), e.g., as in the Forshufvud thesis; 2. Advocate electromagnetic and/or electrostatic and/or discharge effects to explain the circularisation of orbits, e.g., as in the Crew thesis; 3. Indicate the relative circularisation of former large comets like Schwassmann-Wachmann-1 and (more recently discovered) Chiron by mechanisms unknown. This circularisation is a fact despite our inability to confirm it by retrocalculation of orbits. Postulate that what can be done (in the last <200,000 years) for Chiron can be done on a larger scale for Venus. Chiron, as I noted in 1991, gives the clearest possible indication that the recent past history of the Solar System may well have been catastrophic. Its recent erratic past fits Clube and Napier's thesis perfectly: indeed it solves the dynamic problems associated with comet Encke's past orbits. The unusually large comet which Clube and Napier (1982) postulated as the source of the disruption to the inner Solar System, and which I unwisely criticised (1983) as being not founded in fact, would now appear to have been found in Chiron. The other remains of the large comet can be found in comet Encke, the Taurid meteor stream and some 50-100 Earth-crossing asteroids. Whereas Clube and Napier have indicated in The Cosmic Winter some relatively minor events' which might have been caused by Earth's encounters with the Taurids, the reader is left to deduce that the more significant events' (the Deluge, the Exodus) were caused, in their thesis, by comet Encke crossing the Earth. There is, therefore, an immediate problem for anyone who would create a modern synthesis for, according to the myths interpreted by Velikovsky, the early significant events' (e.g. the Exodus) were caused by Venus deities, goddesses strongly associated with the planet Venus. These goddesses often also bore cometary attributes, thus his conclusion that Venus was once a comet.
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Forum [Journals] [SIS Review]
... lessening the risk of science exploring blind alleys in ignorance of the human record, while helping upgrade the art of myth interpretation to the status of a moderately reliable discipline. I think that to expect more than this would be to indulge in the illusions of wishful thinking.
_References
1. B. Newgrosh: Comet catastrophes: a new synthesis', C & C Review XIV (1992), p. 36
2. I. Velikovsky: Worlds in Collision, Preface
3. D. Stove: Velikovsky in Collision', Quadrant (Sydney, Oct-Nov 1964): reproduced in Kronos VI:3 , pp. 18-33
.4. C. Leroy Ellenberger: in Focus' of SIS Review III:2 , p. 29
5. S. V. M. Clube & W. M. Napier: The Cosmic Winter, pp. 153-4
6. Ibid: pp. 152-3
7. D. Hughes: Where Planets Boldly Grow', New Scientist 12.12.92, pp. 29-33
_Inanna, the Venus-star further comments from Ev Cochrane: Although there is much I could take issue with in the recent Forum contribution by Moe Mandelkehr [1 ], I will direct my remarks to the question of the identification of Ishtar/Inanna with the planet Venus, as this cuts to the heart of the matter. Mandelkehr writes: "Clube and Napier explained that Inanna/Ishtar became associated with the planet Venus at a late date in history... Clube and Napier did not invent the idea, which is in the literature and appears to be well established" [2 ]. Here I would like to know which literature is he referring to. None is cited and I suspect that none exists. In any case, it is quite wrong to state that the idea is well established'. On the contrary, what is well established is that Inanna/Ishtar was identified with the planet Venus very early on. Thus, according to Wolfgang Heimpel: Inanna is identified with the planet Venus in all historical periods. ' [3 ] Why do leading Sumerologists like Heimpel, Kramer and Jacobsen accept the planetary identification of Inanna/Ishtar? In the first place, it is possible to show that celestial imagery pervades the cult of the goddess. For example, countless kudurru (boundary stones) from the ____mid-second millennium BC represent Ishtar as an eight-pointed star [4 ]. The star of Ishtar, moreover, finds a precise parallel in early clay tablets from Uruk IIIb, which depict Inanna alongside an eight-pointed star [5 ]. No doubt Mandelkehr would object that the tablets themselves provide no indication that Venus is the subject of the star symbol ((e.g., the star could conceivably have reference to some other celestial body). While this is true, one would be ill advised to place much faith in such an argument. It can be shown, for example, that Venus was also represented by the star symbol in ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica [6 ]. Indeed, among various cultures the word commonly used for Venus' also bore the connotation star', as if Venus was the star par excellence. The Maya called Venus Chac ek' (= Great Star') [7 ], the Polynesian islanders had a similar name for Venus, Hokutoa' (= Great Star') [8 ] and among the Yakuts of Siberia Venus was known simply as Solbon' (= star') [9 ]. In short, the evidence from comparative archaeoastronomy provides strong support for the conclusion that Inanna's star was indeed the planet Venus. Other aspects of the iconography surrounding Inanna/Ishtar also support her identification with Venus. Very early on, for example, the goddess appears alternately with beard, horns and armed as a warrior, the very same characteristics associated with the planet Venus in ancient Babylonian astronomical records [10]. Such correspondences suggest a continuity between the Babylonian astronomical records involving Venus and the earliest cult of Inanna/Ishtar. Like it or not, the traditions surrounding the planet Venus remain remarkably consistent from the earliest historical period to the dawn of astronomy. And throughout this period glaring anomalies attend the iconographical and mythological records surrounding the Cytherean planet, particularly as manifested in the cults of Inanna/Ishtar. It is to Velikovsky's everlasting credit that he was the first to document these anomalies. Mandelkehr, apparently following Clube and Napier, cannot bring himself to accept the ancient traditions surrounding the planet Venus because to do so would cast doubt upon certain basic assumptions of modern astronomy. His reticence here is readily understood. So too is the attempt to come up with an alternative explanation of said anomalies. Mandelkehr's particular attempt to explain the traditions surrounding the planet Venus, however, is patently absurd. It would require us to believe that the Babylonian skywatchers - the greatest astronomers of all antiquity - assigned the mythological deeds of some hypothetical comet (Encke) to the planet Venus at some point in the relatively recent past. Such a hypothesis flies in the face of all we know about archaeoastronomy and myth and would require us to believe that a similar process operated amongst New World astronomers also!
_Notes and References

EGYPTIAN MEANINGS
Amun http://ancient-spooks.de/names/amun.html
Athena http://ancient-spooks.de/names/athena.html
Horn http://ancient-spooks.de/symbols/horn.html
Horus http://ancient-spooks.de/names/horus.html
Min http://ancient-spooks.de/names/min-egyptian.html
Osiris http://ancient-spooks.de/names/osiris.html
Owl http://ancient-spooks.de/symbols/owl.html
Pegasus http://ancient-spooks.de/symbols/pegasus.html
Thoth http://ancient-spooks.de/names/thoth.html

HEBREW MEANINGS
David http://ancient-spooks.de/names/david.html
Deuteronomy interlinear puns http://ancient-spooks.de/texts/deuteronomy-interlinear.html
Goliath http://ancient-spooks.de/names/goliath.html
Leviticus interlinear puns http://ancient-spooks.de/texts/leviticus-interlinear.html
Noah interlinear puns http://ancient-spooks.de/texts/noah-interlinear.html
Sepharad http://ancient-spooks.de/names/sepharad.html
Tower of Babel http://ancient-spooks.de/texts/tower-of-babel.html
Yahweh http://ancient-spooks.de/names/yahweh.html
Prows with eyes on Phoenician ships http://ancient-spooks.de/symbols/prows-with-eyes.html
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