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DEPARTURE (for when Saturn system broke up): (this post) http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/msg315/#msg315
MOUNTAIN (for time of Shock Dynamics): http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=316
MOSES (for evidence of Moses myth): http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=317
TURQUOISE (for Ev's new book on Turquoise Sun): http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=319
BC --- 1 (9500-2500 BC, for when Saturn system broke up): http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=322
BC --- 2 (2500-687 BC, for same): http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=323
DEPARTURE; PYRAMID TEXTS http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=325
ENHEDUANNA (Saturn departure) + ANCIENT MEANINGS/PUNS (cuttingthroughthefog.com) http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=326
PREDYNASTIC (Saturn departure etc) http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=327
SATURN MYTH SEQUENCE http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=373
MARS, MEDUSA, ROAD TO SATURN http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=374
OROGENY http://funday.createaforum.com/x/1-147/?message=376
DEPARTURE
(Seeking clues re when the Saturn system broke up etc)
DEPARTURE OF GOD/S
SATURN) The Unworkable Polar Saturn [Journals] [Aeon]
... few years to undo the stability of the the suspension, with dire effects upon the stability of Earth's orbital distance from the Sun. To suggest that such inner and outer planets were not present is to advance a speculation piled upon so many other hypotheses as to be just one more grotesque rejection of scientific reasoning. In any case, the ____departure of Saturn from the suspension model to the present Saturnian orbit, leaving Earth behind in biospherically safe solar orbital stability, would seem for all the models to require an extraordinary combination of unknown forces. If this does not again require the folly of a hypothesis piled upon a preceding chain, it requires the uninterrupted supervision of that incomprehensibly and
SATURN) The Demands of the Saturnian Configuration Theory [Journals] [SIS Review]
... and lakes to slosh over the land? How would they have known that a shifting of Earth's axis could freeze it into solid ice? Had I any faith in the accuracy of counting the annual layers of ice retrieved in cores drilled out of Greenland's ice fields, I would even have been able to date the event for you.
_Saturn's ____Departure. My final point concerns Saturn's ____departure. I need not tell you that Saturn is no longer in Earth's proximity. The theory then demands that somewhere in the record, Saturn's removal from Earth's proximity should be encountered. So we find as, for example, with the tale of Quetzalcoatl [204], whose paladins' died from the cold through the snow that fell upon them just before the god took off on his serpent raft to be seen no more [205]. I mention this one myth because, as one can see, it ties in nicely with Saturn's removal at the very time when Earth, teetering off balance, was deluged with the ice that ushered in the so-called Ice Age. There is much more that I can add to the topic of Saturn's removal from Earth's vicinity but it is time to call it quits. Even so, having said so much about the Egyptian Ra at the beginning of this treatise, it is perhaps fitting to end with him. Thus, in an Egyptian myth, Ra is made to say: Weary indeed are my limbs and they fail me. I shall go forth ? Henceforth my dwelling place must be in the heavens. No longer will I reign upon the earth. '[206] and: I have determined to cause myself to be uplifted into the sky, to join the blessed gods and to renounce rule of the world. ' [207]. Then Ra raised himself from the back of the goddess Nut into the sky [208]. If Ra was truly the Sun, where was it prior to its ascent into the sky? If, as mythologists tell us, Nut was the goddess of the sky, what would it mean that the Sun rose from the back of the sky (i.e. Nut) into the sky? What does it mean that, before ascending into the sky, the Sun had reigned upon Earth? What does it mean that the Sun once ruled the world? Do we not, in fact, find it stated in an Orphic fragment that Saturn dwelt openly on earth among men' [209]? So, also, Dionysus of Halicarnassus who declared that Kronos ruled on this very earth' [210]. Besides, as it was written, when Ra removed himself into the sky, darkness came on' and Ra was borne through darkness' [211]. Does this make sense if Ra was the Sun? Do we see darkness coming on when the Sun rises into the sky? The answer to this mystery is that the sun of night, which had ruled Earth due to its proximity, had now removed itself into the blackness of space. True night, as we now know it, finally descended upon the world and the stars, which could not have been seen as long as the Saturnian sun of night was shining down on Earth, appeared in all their brilliance for the first time. Do we find this stated in the mytho-historical record? Can this last demand be met? As it is written:'[When Ra left Earth he] went on his way through the realms which are above, and these he divided and set in order. He spake creating words, and called into existence the field of Aalu, and there he caused to assemble a multitude of beings which are beheld in heaven, even the stars? ' [212]. _Notes and References
1. I. Velikovsky, Worlds in Collision, New York, 1950.
2. G. de Santillana & H. von Dechend, Hamlet's Mill: An Essay on Myth and the Frame of Time
... Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians, Vol. II, N. Y., 1904/1969, p. 339.
40. Ibid., pp. 339-340.
41. Ibid., pp. 170-171.
42. Ibid., p. 176.
43. E.A.W . Budge, An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Vol. I, N. Y., 1920/1978, p. cxxv; S. A. B. Mercer, The Pyramid Texts, Vol. II, N. Y., 1952, p. 156.
44. Note that the ring, or rings, around Ra to which
The Demands Of The Saturnian Configuration Theory
http://rogerswebsite.com/ah/TheDemandsoftheSaturnianConfigurationTheory.pdf
SATURN) Conclusion [Books]
... volume. Saturn's death or fall, we will discover, constituted the prototypal catastrophe, recounted by the ancients in numerous forms and elaborations. The collapse of the celestial kingdom; the world-destroying deluge; the battle with the serpent-dragon of the deep; the birth of Jupiter; the Child-Hero; the resurrection and transformation of Saturn; and Saturn's eventual ____departure to the distant realm- these are key elements in a story of incalculable impact on ancient imagination. But to decipher the myths of the great catastrophe one must have clearly in mind the nature of the celestial order brought to an end with Saturn's fall. For those willing to pursue the question in an objective spirit there is the promise
... if early races contrived their fantastic symbolism in conscious disdain for later efforts to understand. "Anyone who has ever entered the labyrinth of an archaic culture's mythical compendia (the ____Pyramid Texts, the Vedas, the Theogony) can testify to a desperate suspicion that there is no thread of objective reality,"
SATURN) The Demands of the Saturnian Configuration Theory [Journals] [Aeon]
... slosh over the land? How would they have known that a shifting of earth's axis could freeze it into solid ice? Actually, had I any faith in the accuracy of counting the annual layers of ice retrieved in cores drilled out of Greenland's ice fields, I would even be able to date the event for you. 10. SATURN'S DEPARTURE The final point I wish to touch upon concerns Saturn's ____departure. I do not need to tell that Saturn is no longer in Earth's proximity. The theory then demands that somewhere in the record Saturn's removal from Earth's proximity should be encountered. And so we find as, for example, with the tale of Quetzelcoatl, [196]
SATURN) Thoth Vol IV, No. 2: Jan 31, 2000 [Journals] [Thoth]
... lakes to slosh over the land? How would they have known that a shifting of earth's axis could freeze it into solid ice? Actually, had I any faith in the accuracy of counting the annual layers of ice retrieved in cores drilled out of Greenland's ice fields, I would even be able to date the event for you. SATURN'S ____DEPARTURE . . . I do not need to tell that Saturn is no longer in Earth's proximity. The theory then demands that somewhere in the record Saturn's removal from Earth's proximity should be encountered. And so we find as, for example, with the tale of Quetzelcoatl, whose paladins' died from the cold through the snow that fell
SATURN) The Age of Purple Darkness [Journals] [Aeon]
... 4 times the lunar tidal one- mTe = (Earth mass). (Moon mass) -1. (Earth radius)3 . (Earth-Moon distance) -3 = 5.7 .10-8. Having in this way reached an order of magnitude of polar tidal pull, it becomes evident that its removal due to Saturn's eventual ____departure from Earth's vicinity would have resulted in change that, to some extent, can be read from the dispositions of rocks and past levels of the sea. Ideally, sea levels would have changed in amounts that differed from latitude to latitude, such that the phenomenon would be identifiable as such at present. Adjustment of the migration and relative
JUPITER) The Lesser Light [Journals] [Catastrophism & Ancient History]
_From: Catastrophism and Ancient History III:2 (July 1981) Home | Issue Contents INTERACTION The Lesser Light James E. Strickling
_And God made the two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. - Genesis 1:16 "Regardless of their preferred classification of [the First Chapter of] Genesis, whether it be history or poetry, believers and skeptics alike have always been in accord in their interpretation of the terms in the above passage of Scripture. What could be more obvious than the greater light' of the sun to rule the day' and the lesser light' of the moon to rule the night' even though the sun and the moon are not explicitly mentioned. Within our experience, this seems to be the only possible interpretation. [However] a completely literal interpretation of this verse night indicate a genuine source of light, rather than a reflective body such as the moon - a soft light that might indeed rule the night. ' . . ." So stated my original publication1 on this subject in March, 1973. The essence of this suggestion has several times since arisen elsewhere. I say "essence" because of different identities proposed for the Lesser Light. But whatever the identity, evidence indeed favors something other than the moon.
_Heavenly Inspiration. A son rises against his father. In a violent struggle involving physical mutilation the father is overthrown and his dominance usurped by the son. He suffers further humiliation as he is banished from his former realm and relegated to a life of insignificance. The son in his new-found preeminence is unaware that he too is one day destined to follow his father's path to the nether world. Another common theme in myth and legend from all parts of the world finds its source in the heavens- from a bygone age when Saturn and Jupiter by their proximity crowded our sky. We read in the ancient chronicles that "Vanquished by the might of Zeus [Jupiter], Cronus [Saturn] was driven from the sky and cast to the very depths of the universe and there enchained in the region which stretches beneath the earth and the fruitless sea. . ." 2 In the words of Hesiod (8th Century B.C.) : ". . . [Zeus] was reigning in heaven, himself holding the lightning and glowing thunderbolt, when he had overcome by might his father Cronus. . . ." Jupiter's fate was later realized as the once brilliant planetary disc shrank to a pin point of light, his glory removed from the sky of earth forever. The Saturn-Jupiter succession and Jupiter's ultimate ____departure are colorfully preserved by the Tupinamba Indians of Brazil. "The first [great hero] was Nonan [Saturn] who was the creator of mankind, and then destroyed the world with flood and fire; after whom came Maire-Monan [Jupiter] who is often confused with his predecessor. He had the power of changing men and animals [a cometary retinue] into other forms in order to punish them for their sins. . . . [H]e aroused the anger of men by his metamorphoses, so that they decided to kill him. For that end they arranged a festival during which Maire-Monan had to jump over three blazing bonfires. "He jumped the first but fainted above the second and was burned up. His bursting produced thunder, while the flames became lightning. Then he was carried up to heaven, where he became a star."3 A celestial scenario thus finds obscure expression in our history. Velikovsky contended that the planet Venus was cast from Jupiter and cited as one point of evidence the mythological account of the birth of the goddess Athene from the head of Zeus. If, as in the case of Zeus and Athene, the Saturn-Jupiter relationship means that the two planetary bodies were once one (although possibly for other reasons as well), there would exist the potential for an encounter between the two at a later time - an encounter seen to be established in legend. An unstable primordial body is first rent asunder, the parts envisioned as father and son later becoming embroiled in conflict - and the former is hurled to the outer reaches of the solar system. We thus envisage a magnificent luminous sphere - subordinate only to the sun - having once been a familiar presence in the earth's sky. This presence, long since forgotten, has progeny now almost insignificant to the eye.
_Primordial Body? My initial impression of the Lesser Light as published found it in a solar system that in the distant past was a binary system4 (Sun/Lesser Light), earth's primary being the Lesser Light, initially stationed in the earth's night sky (earth possibly at a Lagrangian point) but subsequently breaking apart to form the other bodies in the solar system (although not all of them at once). Our moon would thus be a captured satellite. Such a configuration would explain the lack of a reference to months in the First Chapter of Genesis even though days, seasons, and years are mentioned. Months are, of course, correlated with the moon's orbital period. Or a Familiar Planet? The idea of a second and smaller light-emitting body in our solar system in times past has more recently been suggested by Greenberg and Sizemore. "Now, as it happens, the planet Saturn was designated as Shamash or sun' by the Assyro-Babylonian astrologers; and as far back as 1910 M. Jastrow (Revue d'Assyriologie, Vol. 70, p. 171) proposed "the idea that Saturn was a steady' or permanent' mock-sun - performing the same function of furnishing light at night that Sama's [Shamash - the Sun] performed during the day." Furthermore, there is undeniable evidence that the concept of a night sun' as well as a day-sun' existed in ancient Babylonian thought. The latter was viewed as the greater and the former lesser of the two chief lights of heaven, one to serve during the day and the other at night. '" 5 A primordial Saturnian predecessor could perhaps itself have been known to the ancients as the "planet" Saturn6 (by whatever name) - from whom sprang Jupiter. Nevertheless, whether Saturn or another progenitor, was this body the Lesser Light of Genesis? We might reasonably infer that it was if we can find some assurance that it and the moon did not coexist in earth's sky.
_A Moonless Night. In May 1973 Velikovsky published a short article citing several alleged references (including biblical) to an ancient era in man's memory when there was no moon. In summary, he states "The traditions of diverse people offer corroborative testimony to the effect that in a very early age, but still in the memory of mankind, no moon accompanied the earth. Since human beings already peopled the earth, it is improbable that the moon sprang from it; there must have existed a solid lithosphere, not a liquid earth. Thus it is more probable that the moon was captured by the earth.7 The truth of this argument might only imply that the term as used in Genesis describes more recent conditions. However, in conjunction with the lack of a reference to months, we see a strong suggestion that the Lesser Light was not the moon. The first biblical reference to months is in relation to the chronology of the Deluge. This implies that the moon was no stranger to man at that time, and there appears to be no earlier biblical allusion to its introduction. We must look elsewhere for a more definitive contrast between the Lesser Light and the moon.
_A Diminished Light The connection we seek resides in various traditions suggesting that the nature of the moon was not always the same as we know it. From the Bomitaba in Africa: "Once upon a time there were two suns, the one we have and the moon. It was very tiresome for mankind, which being constantly in heat and light could not rest comfortably. One day one of the suns suggested to the other that they should bathe, and pretended to jump into a river; the other threw itself in and was quenched. Since that time there is only one sun, and though the moon lights men it no longer warms them."8 A somewhat similar myth from tribes in Australia ". . . states that in the beginning the Sun never set, but as human beings were weary of perpetual day (that is, of not being able to sleep) the creating deity at last ordered the Sun to set."9 The Luyia of Kenya say that "God created the Moon first and then the Sun. In the beginning the Moon was bigger and brighter, and the envious Sun attacked his elder brother. They wrestled. . . and the Moon was thrown in the mud and dirt splashed over him so that he was not so bright. God intervened . . . [and said] that the Sun would be brighter henceforth and shine during the day. . . . The moon could only shine at night."10 And from the Hebrews: "Thou didst create the heaven and the earth, the heaven exceeding the earth . . . and now Thou hast created the sun and the moon, and it is becoming that one of them should be greater than the other' [said the moon]. Then spake God to the moon: I know well, thou wouldst have me make thee greater than the sun. As a punishment I decree that thou mayest keep but one-sixtieth of thy light." The moon made supplication: "Shall I be punished so severely for having spoken a single word?" God relented: "In the future world I will restore thy light, so that thy light may again be as the light of the sun." '11 Finally, the Navajos have a myth that says that since time was assigned there have been twelve sons (one each month of the year), whereas before there was only one moon12 - suggestive of an object once fixed in the night sky of earth.
_Conclusion. Clearly our solar system is not what it once was - turbulent and changing and of an unfamiliar nature. It is not difficult to visualize in these various traditions veiled remembrances of the celestial changes that have been suggested: the passing of a large heavenly source of light and the introduction of a smaller and dimmer one. The moon did indeed follow a more splendid predecessor - the Lesser Light. James E. Strickling
_References
1. "The Birth of the Gods." Bible-Science Newsletter, Vol. XI, No. 3(1973), Caldwell, Idaho.
2. Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology, 2nd Ed. London: Hamlyn, 1968.
3. ibid.
4. This thought resulted from the claim by Velikovsky (personal correspondence, 1970) that the Deluge was one consequence of a near-collision between Jupiter and Saturn (later stated publicly).
5. L. M. Greenberg and W. B. Sizemore, "Saturn and Genesis." Kronos, Vol. I, No. 3 (1975).
6. Saturn's identifying rings appear to have been acquired in historical times, to which we find allusions in various mythologies. The ancient chroniclers tell us that some time after the overthrow of his father Uranus, Cronus surrounded his own house with a wall. Also, the Congo Pygmies say that following a clash that calls to mind that of Uranus and Cronus, "God was tired and made a fence . . . around his village." (Geoffrey Parrinder, African Mythology. London: Hamlyn, 1967.)
7. I. Velikovsky, "Earth Without a Moon." Pensee, Winter 1973.
8. Larousse, op. cit.
9. Larousse, op. cit.
10. Parrinder, op. cit.
11. Louis Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1913.
12. Cottie Burland, North American Mythology. London: Hamlyn, 1968.
FATHER) The Great Father [Books]
_II The Great Father Anyone attempting to trace the Saturn legend must reckon with the primordial god-figure whom ancient races celebrate as "the great father," and who is said to have first organized the heavens and founded the antediluvian kingdom of peace and plenty, the "Golden Age." While few of us today could locate Saturn in the starry sphere, the earliest astral religions insist that the planet-god was once the all-powerful ruler of heaven. But paradoxically, they also declare that he resided on earth as a great king. He was the father both of gods and men. This dual character of the great father has been the subject of a centuries-long, but
..." the "father of beginnings," the "Supreme Lord," the singular god "except whom at the beginning none other existed." (12) Surveying Egyptian religion one cannot fail to notice the priests' obsession with the past - and their vivid portrait of the great god in his "first appearance." Those who look for an unseen creator in early Egyptian religion will be disappointed. He is a visible and concrete power, the "lord of terror," or "the great of terror." (13) The memory of this solitary light god and creator was as old as the most ancient Egyptian ritual. His appearance - and eventual ____departure - shaped every aspect of the Egyptian world view. So also in Mesopotamia, about which Stephen Langdon raises the question of archaic monotheism. After prolonged study of Semitic and Sumerian sources, Langdon concludes that veneration of spirits and demons had nothing to do with the origins of Mesopotamian religion. Rather, "both in Sumerian and Semitic religions
MONARCH) Thoth Vol IV, No 4: Feb 29, 2000 [Journals] [Thoth]
_The celestial serpent-dragon takes the form of a great storm or whirlwind, breathes fire and smoke, battles against the gods, and ushers in a period of universal darkness. But these are only a few of the pervasive themes. When, for example, did this chaos monster appear in the sky? It appeared specifically during the break between world ages--following the death or ____departure of the Universal Monarch, when the Golden Age collapsed--and prior to the renewal of the world. Appearance of the Babylonian Tiamat is synonymous with the flight of the original sovereign An. The Uraeus serpent rages in the sky as a symbol of Re's loss of power. The dethroning of Kronos, founder of the Golden Age, immediately precedes the attack of Typhon.
HEAVEN) The Celestial Tower [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
From: SIS Chronology and Catastrophism Workshop 2003 No 1 (March 2003) Home | Issue Contents Article The Celestial Tower Emmet J Sweeney
_In every corner of the globe, from Lapland to southern Africa, and from Mexico to China, there is a traditon of how a deluge caused by erratic movements of the heavenly bodies brought to an end a paradisal age of innocence, and how mankind (or in some cases a race of giants or titans) attempted to reopen communciation with heaven by erecting a tower that reached to the sky. Westerners are perhaps most familiar with the biblical version of the story, the Tower of Babel. In this account, it is the ambition
... so that they spoke divers tongues. ' [2 ] From Africa there is an abundance of similar traditions, all of them of great antiquity, which are discussed at some length by a little-known writer named Brendan Stannard in his encyclopedic The Origins of Israel and Mankind. Stannard notes that, In many versions of the separation myth, the ____departure of Heaven brought to an abrupt end a previously paradisal age, during which man and the gods were in close communication. Sickness, death and the necessity of labour now entered man's domain. Man found himself abandoned and destitute of the necessities of life - fire, animals, food, etc., and in some myths mankind attempted
GODS) The Saturn Thesis [Journals] [Aeon]
... Now, to a considerable extent the sense of rupture, separation, fear and guilt leads the way, and a great deal of projection is going on. But there is great poignancy in the stories as well, and a hope above all hopes of renewing the sense of connectedness with the gods, a linkage that was broken with the ____departure of the gods and the catastrophic collapse of the world in which the myths originated. One of the universal features of the great mythical traditions is the underlying idea that, once, the gods were present, that heaven was once close to the earth, that the gods dwelt with man, that man communicated directly with the gods, that in the "First Time" described by the myths the gods arose as great teachers, as examples or models for human behavior. It is only after an overwhelming catastrophe that we see the gods wandering off, like the Aztec Quetzalcoatl, or rising into the sky in a pillar of smoke like the Greek
GODS) Ladder to Heaven [Journals] [Aeon]
... There was no sun and no stars; all these were living among the people. Sun and Moon lived like human beings...When the insect cut down the tree and it fell, Sun and Moon left and moved up to the sky." [54] So tragic and lamentable were the spectacular events remembered as the "____departure of the gods" that ancient peoples everywhere sought to recreate or re-experience the Eden-like conditions that prevailed during the Golden Age. Indeed, countless rites were conducted with the express purpose of commemorating and reenacting the glorious time of the beginnings. Recall again the conclusion of Mircea Eliade, quoted earlier: "The symbolism of the Center of the
POWERS) Thoth Vol II, No. 9: May 31, 1998 [Journals] [Thoth]
... a single taproot. Just consider, for example, the collective memory repeated in myths the world over - of a former "age of the gods". It began with a period frequently termed the "Golden Age", but was punctuated by a collapse of the original order, sweeping catastrophe, wars of the gods and eventually a ____departure of these visible powers. Yes, there are a hundred variations on the theme, and countless contradictions in the localized versions, but at root we have the idea that the great gods were overwhelmed in a deadly catastrophe, wandered off, or flew away to become distant stars. We've never really reckoned with this collective memory - of
POWERS) The Saturn Thesis: Questions and Answers [Journals] [Aeon]
... . Just consider, for example, the overarching idea repeated in myths the world over- the collective memory of a former "age of the gods." It began with a period frequently termed the "Golden Age," but was punctuated by a collapse of the original order, sweeping catastrophe, wars of the gods and eventually a ____departure of these visible powers. Yes, there are a hundred variations on the theme, and countless contradictions in the localized versions, but at root we have the idea that the great gods were overwhelmed in a deadly catastrophe, wandered off, or flew away to become distant stars. We've never really reckoned with this collective memory- that
... day and night, a cycle blatantly defying any and all celestial motions observed today. Here are the movements of the ship of Ra I found stated repeatedly in the Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead. The revolving ship descends to the left, or sails "downstream" in its daily phase of "growing bright
SUN & PLANETS) Chapter 16-19 (Hamlet's Mill)
... "the Milky Way." 256 It takes some nerve to say of the Galaxy that it meanders — actually the Greek text, has it that it moves like a helix (helissetai). But apart from this incongruent image of the "helixing" Milky Way, the myth of Phaethon was meant by the Pythagoreans to tell of the ____departure of the Sun and planets from their former path, and the enthroning of Eridanus, which together with Auriga was to take over the function of the Milky Way: that is why they were "catasterized" together. Admittedly, one faces a frightening confusion between the rivers in heaven and those on earth, and the names which were
A GOD) From Myth to Physical Model [Articles]
... . The gods are no longer present. The age of gods, in all variations on the theme, passes into a more mundane, more confused age, a less interesting, less real, less dramatic, less heroic time, which can only take sustenance from reference backwards. The gods and heroes departed, and in numerous accounts the ____departure of a god or hero is accompanied by great upheaval. If we can oversimplify the many forms in which the ____departure of one or another god occurs, the most common idea is transfiguration into a distant star-in the more meticulously elaborated astronomies, a specific planet. Countless other forms of transfiguration, as a "soul-bird" a "feathered
A GOD) From Myth to a Physical Model [Journals] [Aeon]
... . The gods are no longer present. The age of gods, in all variations on the theme, passes into a more mundane, more confused age, a less interesting, less real, less dramatic, less heroic time, which can only take sustenance from reference backwards. The gods and heroes departed, and in numerous accounts the ____departure of a god or hero is accompanied by great upheaval. If we can oversimplify the many forms in which the ____departure of one or another god occurs, the most common idea is transfiguration into a distant star- in the more meticulously elaborated astronomies, a specific planet. Countless other forms of transfiguration, as a "soul-bird" a
DEPARTURE OF GOD'S EYE/HEART
EYE) The Birth of Athena [Journals] [Aeon]
... the flaming goddess." (96) A similar invocation is the following: "Hathor, great lady... the Eye of Re, lady of heaven, mistress of all the gods, the daughter of Re, who came forth from his body." (97) Most significant, perhaps, is the tradition that the ____departure of the Eye-goddess signalled disaster for the sun-god and his celestial kingdom. This tradition is the basis for numerous passages in the Pyramid and Coffin Texts, where the ____departure of the Eye constitutes a world-threatening cataclysm: "I am the fiery Eye of Horus which went forth terrible, Lady of slaughter... I am indeed she who
EYE) Mother Goddess and Warrior-Hero (Part One) [Journals] [Aeon]
... - be demonstrated from a comprehensive analysis of the myths. Moreover, it will be seen that, from this highly unusual starting point, much of the complex history of the gods involves nothing other than changes in the relative positions of the participating bodies. Whether it is Saturn's exile from the celestial kingdom, the birth of Jupiter, the ____departure of the Venus-Eye, the binding of Saturn and/or Jupiter by Venus, the birth of Mars, the ascent of the warrior hero to the dwelling of the gods (not to mention Mars' "removal" of the central column and the collapse of the divine habitation)- all involve specific disturbances or changes that could not
VENUS) Velikovsky's Legacy [Articles]
... at a relatively recent date (certainly within the last 5-10,000 years), Venus participated in a very unusual celestial configuration, one which found the Cytherean planet positioned between Saturn and the Earth, whereby it presented the appearance of a central, luminous "eye" set within the borders of the larger gas giant. It was the ____departure of Venus from its axial location vis a vis Saturn which precipitated (or was a consequence of) a spectacular cataclysm recalled as the "death" of the first king, the end of a great age, the disaster to end all disasters, etc. (As the first king, Saturn was the celebrated ruler of a lost
VENUS) The Saturn Thesis (Part 2) [Journals] [Aeon]
... Comaetho (Venus) who removed the hair-strands, or soul, of the king, thus causing his death. The strands of hair will be the rays of the heart-soul, and removal of the heart soul is the removal of Venus itself. (As I suggested above, the tri-form appears to be the unique form of Venus prior to ____departure from its position squarely in the center of Saturn.) But for now I think we should stop here, since other features of the evolving configuration are just as interesting and will give us the bigger picture we are looking for. EQUAL-LIMBED CROSS AEON: Without getting away from the bigger picture you refer to, can you at least
GODDESS) Thoth Vol IV, No 13: Aug 31, 2000 [Journals] [Thoth]
... the sovereign god's power. She is his "radiance," his "glory," even his "life," --a role she fills concretely in her capacity as the god's central, luminous eye, heart, or soul. All of the leading Egyptian and Mesopotamian goddesses, for example, reveal this underlying character. 2) The ____departure of the goddess begins a series of events leading to a descent into chaos, the onset of world-destroying catastrophe and the perceived "death" of the sovereign himself, whose flaming "soul" rages in the sky in the form of the angry, lamenting, or warring goddess. The most common form of the raging goddess is the
HEART) Thoth Vol II, No. 20: Dec 31, 1998 [Journals] [Thoth]
... the "life" of the sun god, to whom the goddess was so intimately linked. Remove the central star and you are, in fact, looking at the mythical "death" of the sovereign power, when his heart and soul departed from him to take on a much different appearance. Indeed, this very idea - the ____departure of the heart-soul - emphasizes how quickly the acid tests expand the domain of evidence, no matter where one starts an investigation. We are not just dealing with static forms, but sequences of events as well. So we should expect to find the same critical sequence apparent in all of the images we have listed above. A considerable
HEART) The Great Comet Venus [Journals] [Aeon]
... of cyclical time, including a calendar of world ages: the death of Quetzalcoatl, the onset of celestial confusion, and the transformation of his heart-souHl into the planet Venus meant nothing less than the end of one world age and the beginning of another. SOUL-BIRD, WINGED STAR FIGURE 4: Aztec comet with plumed tail In connection with the ____departure of the god-king's heart-soul as a "plumed" or "burning" star, one notes that Mesoamerican traditions produced many variations on the underlying idea. One influential variant was the idea of the heart-soul sprouting wings and soaring away. "On the death of a great noble, his soul was thought of as taking flight like a bird
HEART) Thoth Vol I, No. 19: July 16, 1997 [Journals] [Thoth]
... model of planetary history. The consensus of participants was that we are in for one helluva an intellectual revolution.- VELIKOVSKY'S COMET VENUS (3 ) David Talbott (dtalbott@teleport.com) [EDITOR'S NOTE: This continues Talbott's series of articles on the myth of the comet Venus.] SOUL-BIRD, WINGED STAR In connection with the ____departure of the god-king's heart- soul as a "plumed" or "burning" star, one notes that Mesoamerican traditions produced many variations on the underlying idea. One influential variant was the idea of the heart-soul sprouting wings and soaring away. "On the death of a great noble, his soul was thought of as taking flight like
HEART) Thoth Vol I, No. 22: August 31, 1997 [Journals] [Thoth]
... case, the relationship is self-evident: the comet means the death of the king because tradition proclaimed that on the death of GREAT KING (the god remembered as the PROTOTYPE of kings) his soul departed from him in a cosmic disaster. And the comet brings the end of the world because, in the death of the god-king and the ____departure of his heart-soul as a comet, a former world age ended catastrophically. Having raised the question rhetorically, I do not expect the critic to accept the suggested explanation of comet symbolism apart from the complete presentation of evidence in this series. Nevertheless, for the sake of saving time, it may be helpful to give the gist of
HEART) Morning Star* [Journals] [Aeon]
... Mars, which was superimposed plumb in the center of the Venerian sphere, should also have been visualized as the same, or a similar, organ. And, in fact, Talbott has already indicated that, at least in Egypt, Mars was viewed as the heart of the heart. (149) That being the case, the ____departure of Quetzalcoatl's heart could just as easily be seen as the dropping of the Martian orb from its previous Saturnian/Venerian center. Like Venus, Mars did not depart from the Saturnian configuration despite its drop from the center. Like Venus, and as seen from Earth, Mars also took up a position in close conjunction with the Saturnian
SOUL) The Mythical History of the Comet Venus (Part I) [Journals] [Aeon]
... also the living symbol of Osiris, and that it came forth from the very heart of the god."(77) "I am the Bennu, the Ba [soul] of Ra," proclaims the Book of the Dead.(78) What is indisputable in the Bennu myth is that this soul-bird, subsequent to its ____departure from the sun god, rose as the Morning Star.(79) In the Book of the Dead, for example, the deceased prays that "I may come forth like the Bennu, the Morning Star."(80) "I come forth like the Bennu, the Morning Star of Ra."(81)
SOUL)
The Milky Way [Journals] [Aeon]
... for example. 171. PT 603. 172. CT II:374-376. 173. See the discussion in E. Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians, Vol. II (N .Y ., 1969), pp. 91 ff. 174. The planet Venus also played a prominent role in the ancient myth of the ____departure of the sun-god's "soul" as we have documented elsewhere. See E. Cochrane, "On Comets and Kings," Aeon 2:1 (1989), pp. 53-75. 175. E. Cochrane, "Indra," AEON II:4 (May 1991), pp. 74 ff. 176. J
>On Comets and Kings [Journals] [Aeon]
... There it is Oxlahun-ti-ku (13 gods) who suffers some kind of injury to his eye. (113) Pickands summarized these myths as follows: "It seems that both the Popul Vuh and the manuscripts of colonial Yucatan retain accounts relating to the destruction of the previous world and of the downfall of its inhabitants, in particular the First Father (called Vucub Kaqix in the Popul Vuh and Oxlahun-ti-ku in the Yucatecan manuscripts) This deity appears to have been the fallen Sun' of the last creation of the world, blinded and relegated to the underworld as the Earth Lord." (114) The possibility should thus be considered that the ancient Mesoamericans commemorated the expulsion of Venus from Saturn in two ways: the first as the disembodiment of Quetzalcoatl's "heart-soul", and the second as the removal of the sun-god's eye. (115)
_The Death of Osiris. The transfiguration of Quetzalcoatl has numerous parallels throughout the ancient world. (116) None, perhaps, is as striking as the Egyptian account of the death of Osiris. The Egyptian legends associated with Osiris share many points of resemblance with the Mesoamerican legends of Quetzalcoatl. Like Quetzalcoatl, Osiris was represented as an ancient sun-god who lived on earth as a primeval king. Among his numerous accomplishments are included the introduction of the first laws, religious rites, and system of writing. Indeed the reign of Osiris is represented as a veritable Golden Age to which future Egyptians looked back with reverence. (117) The murder of Osiris is alluded to frequently in the Pyramid texts and elsewhere, but a complete account of the myth has not survived. It is known, however, that upon his death Osiris' heart (or soul) flew off in the form of a bird and became the Morning Star! (118) The importance of this event for an understanding of the cosmology of the ancient Egyptians can hardly be overestimated, the death and transfiguration of Osiris constituting the fundamental mystery of the ancient Egyptian religion. (119) Thus Clark declares: "The rising of the Osiris soul was therefore the sentimental core of life, the central fact in the structure of the universe." (120) The bird-like being identified with the soul of Osiris was known to the ancient Egyptians as the Benu. Upon analysis of the symbolism associated with Venus, in our opinion, is to be found in the tradition that Venus as the Morning Star first appeared (or was born) in the wake of the fiery demise of a former world age, one associated with the kingship of Quetzalcoatl. (66) Rather than being a "primitive" or pre-astronomical interpretation of a cyclic occurrence such as the appearance of Venus as Evening Star (as per the interpretation of Aveni), the myth of Quetzalcoatl seems to commemorate a specific cataclysmic event: the initial appearance of the planet Venus as an independent orb. Davies, acknowledging that this was the original significance of the myth of Quetzalcoatl's transfiguation, nevertheless objects that such an interpretation is hardly to be entertained: "At some point in the account, history ends and legend begins, unless one is really to believe that the planet Venus was actually formed from his body and had not previously existed!" (67) We are prepared to suggest that this was, in fact, the actual significance of the myth of the transfiguration of Quetzalcoatl: the "birth" of the planet Venus from the "body" of some other celestial object. (68) Prior to that most memorable occasion Venus had existed in such a close relation to the ancient sun god that it was not yet distinguishable as a separate body. How that was possible we shall soon see, but first the identity of Quetzalcoatl commands our attention.
_Quetzalcoatl. The correct identification of Quetzalcoatl is fundamental to the proper interpretation of Mexican mythology. The usual interpretation of the myth, as we have seen, identifies Quetzalcoatl with the Sun. Other scholars, basing their opinion on the datum with regards to the flight of his heart/soul, have identified Quetzalcoatl with the planet Venus. One of the leading Mayan scholars, David Kelley, has opted for Mercury as the planet behind the god. (69) Still others have seen in Quetzalcoatl a personification of the amorphous sky. (70) The celestial identification of Quetzalcoatl, quite clearly, is not a simple question, and it is further complicated by the fact that the Mesoamericans themselves apparently wavered with regard to the original celestial identity. (71) The myth of Quetzalcoatl, in my opinion, offers a perfect test of the comparative approach to mythology. For it is in cases like this, where the indigenous sources themselves are scanty or contradictory, that the comparative method is of especial value. What then can comparative mythology tell us? A summary of the myth of Quetzalcoatl would contain the following motives: first king, cultural hero, leader of a great migration, victim of a tragic death, and transfiguration into the planet Venus. Alexander condenses the myth of Quetzalcoatl as follows: "According to native tradition, Quetzalcoatl had been the wise and good ruler of Tollan in the Golden Age of Anahuac, lawgiver, teacher of the arts, and founder of a purified religion. Driven from his kingdom by the machinations of evil magicians, he ____departed over the eastern sea for Tlapallan, the land of plenty, promising to return and reinstitute his kindly creed on some future anniversary of the day of his ____departure." (72) Here it must be said that Mesoamerican culture is not alone in ascribing its cultural achievements to the designs of some early ruler, one virtually indistinguishable from the gods. As the first king and culture hero of Mexican tradition Quetzalcoatl conforms to a universal archetype: that of the primeval king. There are countless examples of this figure, of which the Greek Kronos, Latin Saturn, Iranian Yima, Hebrew El, and Chinese Huang-ti are among the most familiar. As we have documented elsewhere, it is possible to identify a celestial prototype for each of these legendary figures: namely, the planet Saturn. (73) Each of these primeval kings, in fact, was identified with the planet Saturn by sources indigenous to their respective cultures. This fact alone offers us a powerful clue with regards to Quetzalcoatl's original identity. The religious rites associated with Quetzalcoatl also suggest a relationship to Saturn. Diego Duran, a Dominican missionary and one of the first outsiders to investigate the New World religion at first hand, quoted a native informant as telling him that "all the ceremonies and rites, building temples and altars ... all these things imitated the ways of that holy man [i.e., Quetzalcoatl]." (74) One of these rites featured a mock king who was selected upon the basis of his beauty and physical perfection, attired after the fashion of Quetzalcoatl and fested royally for 40 days.
KRISHNA) Chapter 5-6 (Hamlet's Mill)
... Finnish epic appears as a last dim and apparently meaningless reflection. Kullervo goes with the black dog Musti, the only living soul left from his home, into the forest where he throws himself upon his sword. Now what about Krishna, most beloved deity of the Hinduistic Pantheon? Some of his innumerable deeds and victorious adventures before his "____departure" will look familiar. 80 Young Krishna is the persecuted nephew of a cruel uncle, Kansa (or Kamsa), both being, as Keith [n10 B. Keith, Indian Mythology (1917), p. 126. For the deeds of Krishna, see pp. 14ff.] styles it, "protagonists in a
VAINAMOINEN) Chapter 7-9 (Hamlet's Mill)
... . When the sun and moon are absent, In the air no joy remaineth." Then the aged Vainamoinen Went upon his journey singing, Sailing in his boat of copper, In his vessel made of copper, Sailed away to loftier regions, To the land beneath the heavens. Actually, there are more runes which tell of Vainamoinen's ____departure, as we learn from Haavio. He plunges to the depths of the sea; to the lowest sea to the lowest bowels of the earth to the lowest regions of the heavens to the doors of the great mouth of death. Or, he sailed into the throat of the maelstroem into the mouth of the maelstroem, into the
SHAH) Ch 3-4 (Hamlet's Mill)
... crown and throne will pass." The great Shah, then, who had once stated (at his first joint enthronement) : "The whole world is my kingdom, all is mine From Pisces downward to the Bull's head," [n8 Firdausi, Warner trans., vol. 2, p. 407.] prepares his ____departure, takes leave of his paladins, waving aside their supplications and those of his whole army: A cry rose from the army of Iran: The sun hath wandered from its way in heaven! The dream of Tarquin finds here an early echo. The Shah appoints as his successor Luhrasp and wanders off to a mountaintop, accompanied by
PLANETS) The Cosmic String of Pearls [Journals] [Aeon]
... . It is also well known that the Hindu astronomers looked to a particular star in the east, that marked the initial point from which they held that the motion of the planets (as it is phrased) commenced at the time of creation, and to which, at vast recurring intervals, they return, for the same conjunction and ____departure to be repeated. [41] Sima Qian, in D. W. Pankenier, "Astrological origins of Chinese dynastic ideology," Vistas in Astronomy, 39. 4 (1995), pp. 503 - 516. [42] M. Baillie, Exodus to Arthur: catastrophic encounters with comets (London, 2000)
MOONS) The Saturn Myth: A Tentative Physical Model [Journals] [Aeon]
... to that of the solar wind, the atmospheres of the gas giants expanded and escaped as cometary comas and tails; being waterless and devoid of solids, these hydrogen-helium effluxes were invisible to the naked human eyes of Earth and left no record in mythology. Humanity was indelibly imprinted with the images of the celestial spectacles generated by the disruptions and ____departures of its gigantic stationary polar "moons." Resuming the struggle for existence and progress, the peoples of the world recorded the events of "the end of the world" in the cultural forms then at hand. (8 ) 10. The End of another "world" Far-ranging proto-Venus, ejected from one of the proto-Jovian "
TIME) The Date Of The Loss Of Atlantis (The Atlantis Myth) [Books]
... solar cycles of 1,460 years, the Assyrians by lunar periods equivalent to 1,805 years. It goes without saying that the obvious procedure would be to `set' a calendar system by some important event. The most momentous natural event that may conceivably happen, and the one also that would cry out for a completely new ____departure in the reckoning of time, would be the transformation of an independent planet into a satellite of the Earth. Now, the Palaeo-Assyrians could not possibly have calculated by months and major lunar periods at the time when the Earth was still without a Moon; but when the unbelievable thing occurred, they might have felt induced to abandon whatever
Admin:
MOUNTAIN
(Seeking evidence of when Shock Dynamics occurred)
The Sacred Theory of the Earth by Dr. Thomas Burnet [Books]
... of a different form and Construction from the present. This is prov'd from Divine authority, and from the Nature and form of the Chaos, out of which the Earth was made. CHAPTER. V The second proportion is laid down, viz. That The face of the Earth before the Deluge was smooth, regular and uniform; without ____mountains. and without a sea. The Chaos out of which the World rise, is fully examin'd, and all its motions observed, and by what steps it wrought it. self into an habitable World. some things in antiquity relating to the first state of the Earth are interpreted and some things in the sacred writings The divine art
Mountain Thrusts In The Alps And Elsewhere. Ch.6 Mountains And Rifts (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... From "Earth in Upheaval" © 1955 by Immanuel Velikovsky | FULL TEXT NOT AVAILABLE Contents ____Mountain Thrusts In The Alps And Elsewhere THE AGE of a rock formation is ascertained with the help of the fossils it contains. To the surprise of many scientists, it was found that ____mountains have travelled, since older formations have been pushed over on top of younger ones. Chief ____Mountain in Montana is a massif standing several thousand feet above the Great Plains. It "has been thrust bodily upon the much younger strata of the Great Plains, and then driven over them eastward, for a distance of at least eight miles. Indeed, the thrust may have been several times eight
Catastrophic Theory of Mountain Uplifts (A Crustal Deformation Theory) [Journals] [Catastrophism & Ancient History]
... From: Catastrophism and Ancient History XIII:1 (Jan 1991) Home | Issue Contents Catastrophic Theory of ____Mountain Uplifts (A Crustal Deformation Theory)Donald W. Patten and Samuel R. Windsor Introduction Astronomers, geographers, geologists and others search for a theory that addresses the causation of ____mountains. ____Mountain ranges, ____mountain systems, ____mountain cycles, volcanoes, and basaltic outflows all cast shadows over a culture unable to explain their existence. The origin of ____mountain ranges, ____mountain systems, volcanoes, etc., comes under the general term "crustal deformation." Other like terms are "____mountain uplifts," and "orogeny." Most of the ideas suggested for crustal
x. A Tale of Two Mountains: Ararat and Sinai [Journals] [SIS Review]
... From: SIS Chronology & Catastrophism Review 1998:2 (Mar 1998) Home | Issue Contents A Tale of Two ____Mountains: Ararat and Sinai by Damien F. Mackey Moses wrote the Exodus account in terms of a miniature Flood story', portraying himself as the new Noah. This article illustrates the Flood-Exodus parallelisms and ultimately draws the conclusion that the reason why Mount Sinai was revered as the ____mountain of God', even prior to the Exodus (cf. 3:1 ), was because it was the ____mountain upon which Noah's Ark had landed. A: Comparisons Between Genesis and Exodus Moses, who compiled Genesis from the series of family histories (Toledoth) of
Analogous Mountain Building [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... From: SIS Workshop Vol 5 No 1 (1982) Home | Issue Contents Analogous ____Mountain Building D. A. SLADE The consideration of geology on a global scale has certain disadvantages mainly due to its enormity, thus making impractical laboratory experiments on the theories that have been evolved to explain the wealth of observed facts: in this age of electronics we hear a great deal about computer models - these are very helpful, but their usefulness must depend upon the information contained in the program. There is so little known of sub-crustal structure and its behaviour that the computer model can only confirm or deny the validity of the speculation of the programmers; if it were otherwise, some
Boiling Earth and Sea, Part 1 Venus Ch.4 (Worlds in Collision) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Worlds in Collision]
... the exterior. The earth, disturbed in its rotation, developed heat. The land surface became hot. Various sources of many peoples describe the melting of the earth's surface and the boiling of the sea. The earth burst and lava flowed. The Mexican sacred book, Popol-Vuh, the Manuscript Cakchiquel, the Manuscript Troano all record how the ____mountains in every part of the Western Hemisphere simultaneously gushed lava. The volcanoes that opened along the entire chain of the Cordilleras and in other ____mountain ranges and on flat land vomited fire, vapour, and torrents of lava. These and other Mexican sources relate how, at the closing hours of the age that was brought to an end by
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Comets. Ch.9 Axis Shifted (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... From "Earth in Upheaval" © 1955 by Immanuel Velikovsky | FULL TEXT NOT AVAILABLE Contents Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Comets A great chain of volcanoes girdles the Pacific Ocean. The Andes in South America are studded with many volcanic summits, among them the loftiest volcanic ____mountain in the world: Cotopaxi in Ecuador is over 19 000 feet high. The Andes reached their present height only in the age of modern man. Magma intruded into the rock and lifted it; in many places magma reached the surface, broke through vents, and built craters. Most of those volcanoes, however, are already extinct. Central America abounds in volcanoes, most of them extinct or dormant;
The Tertiary Age (Life History of Our Earth) [Books]
... . The gravitational powers of the satellite now played chiefly on one hemisphere of the Earth, and upon a relatively small area of that hemisphere. The satellite tried to pull that area especially towards itself (cf. arrows in Diagram 17). As a result there was considerable tectonic activity, rifting, faulting, and some slight folding, ____mountain ridges were lifted up at the places where the terrestrial surface **** under the strain exerted upon it. Here and there Palaeozoic rock yeas forced up through the Mesozoic strata where they had been riven by faults. The faulting to which the old rocks owe their present position is regarded by most geologists as having happened in early Tertiary times.
The "drift" Mystery Cleared Part 3 Ch.VII (The Mysterious Comet) [Books]
... it appear in the Antipodes) by a vast invasion of ice upon the lands hitherto enjoying a warm sub-tropical climate, as proved by the deposits buried under this "drift." Geologists agree that the period synchronised with the sinking of many land-surfaces, that terrific convulsions shook the earth, old lands in some cases disappeared under the seas, ____mountains in places were driven down and in others sprang up, and islands appeared where before there had been seas. This is in accordance with Aristotle, who in his Meteorologia taught that there were periodical upheavals in the earth's history when what was land became water and water land. De Lapparent, the French geologist, has said of the
Floods and Tides [Books] [de Grazia books]
... motions and the tortured terrain. However, our model here and in Chaos and Creation calls for a small portion of the Earth's present waters having been available for the tides caused by lunar evacuation. Less waters would yet have been available for the tides that would otherwise reach miles into the sky. Nor, for that matter, were the ____mountains elevated to their present heights, but rather were only then forming under catastrophic diastrophism. The Saturnian or Noachian Flood some thousands of years later than the postulated lunar tide also would have had major traits of a tidal disaster. Patten estimates aquatic tides of 5,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level and extensive tides of magma
Sagan's fourth problem: Terrestrial Geology And Lunar Craters (Carl Sagan & Immanuel Velikovsky) [Books]
... proofs that this part of the continent of South America has been elevated near the coast at least 400 to 500 feet, and in some parts 1,000 to 1,300 feet, since the epoch of existing shells, and further inland the rise may have been greater." [From Darwin's Naturalist's Voyage] When did the Andes ____mountains rise? According to the New York Times, (Oct. 3, 1989), pp. C1 and C14, "Archaeologists working in Peru have unearthed stunning evidence that monumental architecture, complex societies and planned developments first appeared and flowered in the New World between 5, 000 and 3, 500 years ago. " The author
Mountain Thrusts In The Alps And Elsewhere. Ch.6 Mountains And Rifts (Earth In Upheaval) [Velikovsky] [Velikovsky Earth in Upheaval]
... the ____mountains rose as late as in the age of man and carried up with them the caverns of early man? In recent years evidence has grown rapidly to show, in contrast to previous opinion, that the Alps and other ____mountains rose and attained their present heights, and also travelled long distances, in the age of man. "
uplifts amounting to many thousands of feet have occurred within the Pleistocene epoch [Ice Age] itself." This occurred with "the Cordilleran ____mountain system in both North and South America, the Alps-Caucasus-Central Asian system, and many others . . . . "7 The fact of the late up-thrust of the major ridges of the world created
Thrusting and Orogeny [Books] [de Grazia books]
... located Italy and Switzerland. The famous "nappes" of the Alps are but smaller thrusts laid upon great ones. The alpine massif smothered the long rift that once cut through the "Adriatic Sea" and "Rhine River Valley." Or the American cordillera, thousands of kilometers long, stretching from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego; there ____mountain uplifts amounting to thousands of meters have occurred, it is agreed by a range of authors from C. Darwin to I. Velikovsky, in absolutely modern times. The Sierra Nevadas of California are a single block, a thousand kilometers long, thrust up westwards. The Himalayas rose steeply in human times. "The highest ____mountains in
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MOSES
(Ev said Moses is a myth, so I searched for articles that agree)
Discussion [Journals] [Aeon]
... that such traditions as those surrounding the Hebrew exodus from Egypt represent genuine history rather than sacred history as understood by such scholars as Eliade and Dumézil; i.e ., ancient cosmology subsequently translated into tribal "history." Researchers who would attempt to reconstruct a viable chronology of the ancient world based upon the stories surrounding such figures as ____Moses, Abraham, and Samson remind me a good deal of the folks hiking up Mt. Ararat in the hopes of catching a glimpse of the ark. Simply put: they're barking up the wrong mountain. Yours truly, finally, capped off the weekend with an overview of the planetary- debate from Worlds in Collision to The Saturn
Astronomical Dating and Calendrics [Journals] [Aeon]
... most often is that of the Biblical Abraham. He is said to have arrived in Mesopotamia from Chaldea, (4 ) visited Egypt, (5 ) and was thus in a position able to provide confirmation concerning the age of developed cultures in both regions. Since the lineage supplied by Genesis places Abraham's birth at more than 500 years before ____Moses, the patriarch would have left a flourishing Mesopotamian city around 2100 BCE to acquaint himself with a similarly flourishing Egypt a few decades later. Following the elimination of Abraham as a historical figure- a process that commenced in the late 19th century and was only completed in the 70's of the 20th, when it was established that Abrahamic lore
A RENAISSANCE SATURN [Journals] [Aeon]
... fact that Bacchus as an infant is more typically represented in the arms of Mercury, renders either interpretation of these figures unlikely. Nevertheless, these stories share a common narrative concerning a divine child who has been rescued in order to fulfill a significant destiny. As a category, this group could accommodate the Old Testament story of the finding of ____Moses by pharaoh's daughter, as well as its New Testament counterpart, the flight into Egypt. Typologically, the sixteenth-century category of the divine infant included another significant narrative whose allusive potential and rich ambiguity of meaning not only paralleled that of Correggio's paired figures but once again related them to the realm of ideas from which the three preceding lunettes derived
The Israelite Conquest of Canaan [Journals] [Aeon]
... History "There was no real Exodus, there was no real wilderness wandering, and there was no sojourn at Kadesh-Barnea." (1 ) This statement of the eminent excavator of Gezer/Israel sums up mainstream perplexity about one of the most famous stories mankind preserved from generation to generation. Long ago more than one scholar recognized that the ____Moses legends originated around the priestly site in Midian and only later were attached to the legends of the Exodus and the birth of a childlike hero. (2 ) This knowledge is not opposed to the tradition of catastrophically-uprooted tribes, arriving from Egypt and other regions closer to the land of Canaan to take over prior Canaanite settlements. It will
Book Shelf [Journals] [Aeon]
... plains surrounded by lakes and pools. Such primary deities go by many names, either coming from, or going toward, watery seas, as did Kukulcan of the Mayas or Quetzalcoatl of the Aztecs. And, likewise in Egyptian myth, is Osiris, whose funerary boat was associated with the Nile. Or even that of the biblical newborn ____Moses, whose reed boat was found in the rushes of the Nile, and whose name means simply "child" or "son." But, unmentioned by Hancock, in the Asiatic sphere there is the equivalent Iranian Kai Khusrau, who is associated with Lake Vurukasha (6 )- a watery designation bearing a remarkable homophonic similarity to
Velikovsky in America [Journals] [Aeon]
... earth tremble.- Guglielmo Ferrero American Exodus In December 16, 1937, Simon Velikovsky died. Despite the intellectual gifts and forceful personality his son had displayed on numerous occasions, Immanuel Velikovsky, already in his early forties, had accomplished little. That same year, Sigmund Freud began publishing in serial form what would be his final book, ____Moses and Monotheism. The book's central theses were that ____Moses was not Jewish but Egyptian; that he did not originate the monotheistic principle that is at the heart of Judaism but borrowed the concept from the heretical Pharaoh Akhnaton; and that his followers, "a throng of culturally inferior immigrants", (1 ) did not even create the
Velikovsky and Catastrophism: A Hidden Agenda? [Journals] [Aeon]
... have been made painfully familiar in his secular education. Spanning some 100 years, it challenged the authenticity of every section of the Jewish Bible by arguing that its major components were copies of earlier Babylonian or Canaanite prototypes and that its present form was a craftily-selected composite of various sometimes-contradictory earlier sources, rather than an original document dictated by God to ____Moses. So extreme was this attack upon the Jewish Bible that, to quote a leading commentary at the turn of the century: Religious terms, ideas, institutions, once supposed to be peculiar to Israel, are now seen to be common to them and other nations; in some cases, moreover, priority clearly does not lie with
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TURQUOISE
(Ev's new book is about the Turquoise Sun)
https://www.catastrophism.com/intro/search.cgi?zoom_query=turquoise&zoom_per_page=25&zoom_and=1&zoom_cat=-1
Admin:
BC --- 1
9500 landslip) Discussion [Journals] [Aeon]
... 2637. Huwawa SPEAKER: Dwardu Cardona In AEON II:1 , p. 130, Norman Schwartz registered his disagreement with Ev Cochrane's identification of Huwawa as a personification of Saturn (see Cochrane in AEON I:4 :95-97 and KRONOS IX:2 :15-16). This disagreement also reflects on my own article in KRONOS IX: ... in the Saidmarreh landslip of the Kabir Kuh. As noted on page 9 of the above, the event is believed to have taken place in "about 9,500 BC____." Needless to say, Wilson did not fail to fit Huwawa in his "gas escape" scheme. Thus, on page 80 of his work we find
>6000 horns) The Bedrock of Myth [Articles]
... [ CD-Rom Home ] THE BEDROCK OF MYTH by Roger Ashton Tracing the Origin of Myth The Nonexistent Sunlike Saturn Perceived Form and the Passage of Time An Alternative Conjecture The Sequence of Manifestations The Forms of the Polar Apparition Sungir and the Nasatyas The Triple Crescent and the Neanderthals Three Tests 1. Tracing the Origin of Myth If the metaphors of ... reconstruct it now. Figure 9 below represents schematically the frontal aspect of the seven pairs of cow's horns set upon an altar at Çatal Hüyük in Anatolia. Dated at 6000 BC____, this relic provides physical evidence that the concentricity of the seven pairs of horns or crescents was still known 8000 years ago. It justifies the retrospective reconstruction based on
6000 Palestine) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... trip to Neptune, the most difficult to explain have been those concerning Neptune's ring systems. Still clinging to the shepherding moonlet theory' which was advocated for ringlet control at Saturn and Uranus, astronomers have hit problems with Neptune's. This planet has incomplete rings, or arcs, which look as though some force must be keeping them bunched' ... with the first cultivation of maize. Other erosion events are noted for 2300 and 1000 years BP. Similarly, in Palestine the collapse of some communities there at about 6000 BC____ appears also to be associated with deforestation and subsequent overgrazing. Climatic Catastrophes sources: New Scientist 3.3 .90, p. 31; Observer 26.11
>5800 Scot.waves) Monitor. C&C Review 2002:1 [Journals] [SIS Review]
... therefore of a type which could have brought water and organic compounds to the early Earth. It also seems that impacting comets were responsible for the dozen small moons discovered around Saturn: they are the shattered remains of larger objects captured by Saturn's gravity. The Production of Planets New Scientist 15.9 .01, p. 13, 29 ... Sea and at the same time caused massive tsunamis which devastated the east coast of Scotland. Evidence for the tsunamis has been found in sand sediments radiocarbon dated to around 5800 BC____ and the remains of a hunting camp where flint tools and weapons were scattered across a wide area. Many coastal villages would have been wiped out. Canary Conundrum New
5000 Ir.tombs) Thoth Vol IV, No 11: July 15, 2000 [Journals] [Thoth]
... VISIT THE KRONIA COMMUNICATIONS WEBSITE: http://www.kronia.com Subscriptions to AEON, a journal of myth and science, now with regular features on the Saturn theory and electric universe, may be ordered from this page: http://www.kronia.com/html/sales.html Other suggested Web site ... patterns (although he doesn't like the term), other goddess symbols, and drawings of plans of court cairns (megalithic tombs) found in Ireland, c. 5000 BC____. The cairns supposedly represent the goddess in a pregnant state, and the maze aspect to the tombs is a birth ritual. Then he associates Neolithic carvings with warrior-hero
4800 C14 date) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... likely meteoritic) origin. There may be problems with the Alvarez asteroid theory but the evidence behind it does indicate the gradualists have a case to prove. NON-GRAVITATIONAL RINGS OF SATURN?- NATURE 4/12/80, p.439-42 As a follow-up to the articles by I.C . Johnson and M. J. Sieff we ... had been drowned by the sea on two occasions. A radiocarbon date for forest material was performed by Prof. Mitchell of Trinity College Dublin and gave a result of 4800 BC____. In a delightful observation, they recorded how one of the pine cones brought back from the forest, washed and scrubbed and left alone on a school bench happened
4004 Creation) Horizons [Journals] [SIS Review]
... As an example, Axel Firsoff, in "The Solar System's Non-identical Twins" (December 1981), looks at Uranus and Neptune and notes that, like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune has an internal heat source and there are good grounds to suspect that Uranus also shares this characteristic. Further, in relation to Venus' heat, Firsoff ... (January 1981), the latest available to this reviewer. To take one example, an article celebrating 400 years of Archbishop Ussher, who dated the Creation at 4004 BC____, ends with the comments [echoing those of Bruno de Finetti elsewhere in this issue - Eds.]: "So have we really got it right at last
4004 Bible) Catastrophism and Evolution [Journals] [SIS Review]
... satellites, Triton, is extremely close to the surface of the planet and has retrograde motion, as do some of the moons of the other outer planets. Phoebe orbits Saturn in an eccentric, retrograde path and is rocky whereas the other Saturnian moons are icy [1 ]. The outer eight Jovian moons are much smaller than the inner ... of cataclysms. This was seized upon by creationists, in an attempt to make the growing evidence of the fossil record compatible with Archbishop Ussher's calculated date of creation, 4004 BC____. Such a short timescale certainly required catastrophes to wipe out the animals no longer found living on the Earth, but known from their fossilised remains. So catastrophism tended
>4004 Bible) Catastrophism and Evolution [Articles]
... satellites, Triton, is extremely close to the surface of the planet and has retrograde motion, as do some of the moons of the other outer planets. Phoebe orbits Saturn in an eccentric, retrograde path and is rocky whereas the other Saturnian moons are icy (1- see references at end). The outer eight Jovian moons are ... of cataclysms. This was seized upon by creationists, in an attempt to make the growing evidence of the fossil record compatible with Archbishop Ussher's calculated date of creation, 4004 BC____. Such a short timescale certainly required catastrophes to wipe out the animals no longer found living on the Earth, but known from the stratigraphic boundaries over the last 36
4004 Bible) The Anomalous Condition of Venus and the Origin of the Solar System [Journals] [SIS Review]
... bodies must have lost their volatile constituents in function of their mass and distance from the primary appears to be basically sound and is satisfied by the planets at least up to Saturn and the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Venus alone is out of step. Not only has it a more massive atmosphere than its own mass and position in the solar ... history. This puts me in mind of Archbishop Ussher's firm conclusion, reached in 1654 and so within the lifetime of Newton, that the world began on 26 October 4004 BC____ on not unsimilar grounds. Newton himself estimated that 20-40 million years would be required for the Earth to cool from red heat to its present condition. In this he
4000- Corsica) Letters [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... of Gad. Also there were other people called Nahash or serpent' within the Bible (cf. I Chronicles 2:16 and II Samuel 17:27-29). Saturn or the Sea Peoples?I recently visited Corsica, a wild and mountainous island with some very interesting megalithic sites. As with most such sites, there is more ... to seeing some of these sites for myself, to judge the plausibility of the current theories. The story goes that the original megalithic people inhabited the island from around 4000 BC____ until 1400 BC____, when it was invaded and taken over by the Torreans, or tower builders. Early megalithic structures consisted of low circles of standing stones surrounding a
3806 old trees) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... known asteroid but strangely coma-less and tail-less for a comet when first discovered in 1977, has at last begun to show itself in its true colours. Its orbit lies between Saturn and Uranus and is far from circular: analysis shows that the orbit is actually unstable. As Chiron has been approaching the Sun a huge coma of gas and dust ... have re-measured the oaks of the Sweet Track and found a good correlation with the English oak chronology (which itself matches the Irish and German) and a date of 3806 BC____ for its construction is given with confidence. The only remaining puzzle is how the oaks were wrongly measured in the first instance. Dating Thera source: Archaeometry 32:
3500 Eg.map) Velikovsky's Sources Volume Three [Books]
... Up- shetau); the original reading was Upesh ( 'the Resplendent Star'), or Horus, the Resplendent', and also the Southern Star'. Saturn is Horus, the Bull'; and Mars is the Red Horns' or Horus of the Horizon' (Harakhti). It is somewhat surprising that Sebg( ... a map constructed for the northern heavens. The point of observation was taken to be Cairo, which would be equivalent to the ancient Heliopolis. The date selected was 3500 BC____. This seemed a convenient one for several reasons. In the first place it is not too far removed from the age whence our earliest records come, and they
>3200 Atlantis) The Atlantis Researches by Paul Dunbavin (Book review) [Journals] [SIS Review]
... may have affected agriculture. He also notes the Pleiades star cluster marked the Celtic fire festival of Beltane (but see also Mandelkehr) which may indicate the synodic period of Saturn was used as an absolute check on the calendar. This may have been the same reason Venus was observed by the Babylonians and the Maya. Indeed, some investigators ... by Phillip Clapham A few years ago it was popular to link the Atlantis legend with the eruption of the Thera volcano on the Aegean island of Santorini, at around 1400 BC____, bringing the curtain down on the Minoan culture. Paul Dunbavin has reopened the debate. He claims Atlantis was drowned at around 3200 BC____ as a result of a
3000 Peru) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... up with so many answers to previously unexplained problems that it has been given a jubilant thumbs up by some scientists. They found that in the early system, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune must have been in a very compact orbital situation' but that because of thousands of surrounding planetesimals' there were chaotic orbital perturbations which moved Jupiter's ... . Within 1300 years the people had moved from simple men's huts' to the first temples. In Peru it has been determined that the earliest complex societies began around 3000 BC____ i.e . at the same time as civilisations elsewhere around the world; pyramids, temples and houses at one of the world's largest early cities at Caral were
3000 Saturn) Brains Trust - Chronology and Ancient History [Journals] [SIS Review]
... . This would impinge on the ionosphere, giving more visible effects. Some sort of configuration in the past may have been located at the North Pole. Perhaps it was Saturn and the other planets, or perhaps it was just some sort of magnetic field-type structure. However from time to time right up to the present century, if you ... always been the symbol of Venus all over the world. Q10. Peter James commented that most of the material presented about Saturn comes from the last 3,000 years BC____. Were there any ordinary representations of the sun? Why are all the representations of Shamash and whatever assumed to be Saturn? Did people in Babylonia and Egypt never
>>3000+ Peratt) News from the Internet [Journals] [SIS Review]
... "instability" that Peratt sees in his laboratory, and must have been seen by ancient man in the skies. Peratt's research was inspired by Dave Talbott, author the Saturn Myth, and Wal Thornhill whose articles on The Electric Universe have appeared in SIS publications. Their forthcoming book, Thunderbolts of the Gods, is under preparation, but ... extraction with laboratory data on the discharge sequence, "extracting dates seems certain." He presently estimates that the 87 categories generally fall in a range from 7,000 BC____ to 3,000 BC____. Today, more than a dozen qualified individuals, constituting an interdisciplinary nucleus, are working to reconstruct details of the ancient celestial dramas.
3000 temple) Thoth Vol II, No. 3: February 15, 1998 [Journals] [Thoth]
... regulator of the fate of kings and kingdoms in Mexico. (The Great Comet DID "determine" the fate of the king's celestial prototype; see earlier discussion of the Saturn theory.) A compelling logic will thus be seen in Venus' definitive mythical role- in regulating the cosmic cycles, ordaining festivals pointing backward to the age of the ... , using instruments that can detect small magnetic anomalies in the soil without disturbing the surface. "To our surprise and delight what emerged was a timber temple of about 3000 BC____," said Geoffrey Wainwright, chief archaeologist at English Heritage. "There is now no timber left? It would have decayed long ago. But the disturbance of
>>3rd Eg.texts) Venus, Mars ... and Saturn [Journals] [SIS Review]
... From: SIS Chronology & Catastrophism Review 1998:2 (Mar 1998) Home | Issue Contents Venus, Mars ... and Saturn by Ev Cochrane
_Ev Cochrane is the publisher of Aeon. He is the author of Martian Metamorphoses: The Planet Mars in Ancient Myth and Religion as well as the forthcoming The Many Faces of Venus.
_Summary. Velikovsky's book The Age of Saturn has never been published but researchers in the USA have continued to investigate the role of Saturn in mythology and history. This article presents a summary of their ideas, which suggest that the ringed planet was a major influence on Earth in the past. As we near the end of the millennium, a period traditionally associated with apocalyptic fears and cometary disaster, the time seems ripe for reconsidering the evidence as to the nature of the agents responsible for recent cataclysms and the concomitant genesis of ancient myth: were comets, or planets with comet-like characteristics, the principal culprits? Some SIS members appear inclined to abandon their roots in Velikovskian catastrophism in favour of a comet-based model, influenced by the theories of Victor Clube and Bill Napier. Several observations are in order here. Firstly, it is necessary to emphasise that the two models are by no means mutually exclusive, except when it comes to specific claims (e.g. the original identity of Inanna). Thus it is possible that a series of planetary events was followed by episodes of cometary and meteoritic bombardment. However it would be a grave mistake to ignore altogether the possibility that planets were involved in the pivotal events that shaped the recent history of our species. This article seeks to summarise the Saturn-theory as it currently stands [1 ]. The Saturn theory is an attempt to make sense of the testimony bequeathed to us by our forebears in the form of myth, ritual, literature, art, astronomical records and language. In sacred lore from different cultures around the world, certain mythical traditions are to be found virtually everywhere - e.g. the Creation, the Golden Age', the Flood, the dragon combat, etc. A systematic analysis of the recurring themes and patterns in these different traditions reveals numerous parallels converging upon the respective planets, which are surprisingly consistent from land to land. If, for example, we were to ask for the planet Venus' dominant role in ancient mythology, the answer is obvious: it is the great mother goddess. Thus Inanna, Ishtar, Anat, Aphrodite, Isis, Astarte, Anahita and others are all explicitly identified with that planet [2
... interpretation of them has unmistakably shown that the Eye of Re was the morning star' [31]. Yet if the planet Venus was only recently involved in a series of spectacular catastrophes, as is deducible from the myths surrounding Inanna and her analogues [32], it follows that the Eye of Ra' must also be linked with ominous portents and catastrophic events of one sort or the other. And so it is that, already in the Egyptian Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts from the third millennium BC____, there appear numerous references to the terrifying time when the Eye' threw the heavens into confusion. I am the fiery Eye of Horus which went forth terrible,
3rd India) Letters [Journals] [SIS Review]
... 5 ]. This is typical Egyptian artwork with Horus and Thoth flanking the emblem of Osiris. As this emblem has attributes of the world pillar, as discerned in the Saturn myths by Cochrane, Cardona & Talbott, and Osiris is the dying, resurrecting god, the resemblance to Christian depictions of the sacrificial Christ makes the association complete. ... . Much pre-Christian imagery of a central figure with raised arms, flanked by two other figures, is found across Europe and Asia. In Mohenjo Daro of the 3rd millennium BC____ (orthodox) was found a cylinder seal depicting such a figure between two rampant lions [1 ] and a goddess with raised, crescent-shaped wings, also guarded by
3rd temples) Exploring The Saturn Myth [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... From: SIS Chronology and Catastrophism Workshop 1994 No 1 (Jan 1994) Home | Issue Contents Exploring The Saturn Myth Evidence from Australian Aboriginal Story, Symbol and Art in support of the Polar Configuration by Allan Beggs Representation of the Polar Configuration (David Talbott, 1991) For several years now I have been studying and researching the Theory ... eye of Odin or Balor, a bright shining object in the sky, peered out of the clouds - watching, and all seeing. The eye temples of 3rd millenium BC____ Tell Brak appear to reflect the same general theme, but in a novel manner, a sequence of eyes stretching into the distance (becoming smaller and smaller).
3rd Sumer) The Orion Mystery by Robert Bauval and Adrian Gilbert [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... at the end of the outstretched hand of Orion but located within the constellation of Taurus. On that basis it could be argued that Osiris = Kronos (see Cardona re Saturn), Seth = Zeus and Horus = Herakles (the hero). The severed body of Osiris cum Kronos was scattered around the sky and some of these fragments ... some ways as Sumer is assumed to have invented the Zodiacal scheme and yet there is very little tangible evidence of direct cultural contacts between Egypt and Sumer in the third millennium BC____. Nevertheless, Bauval and Gilbert's treatment of Egyptian texts of the period seem to make it clear that the ancient Egyptians had developed a scheme very much like the modern
3rd Greek) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Review]
... comment further? Magnetic planets New Scientist 17.1 .98, p. 23, 25.10.97, p. 58 Spectacular auroras have been seen on Saturn and Jupiter. The latter also show two bright streaks where electric currents flowed from its moon Io. These cannot yet be explained by astronomers. A reader suggests that ... , p. 11, BBC2 Horizon 2.4 .98 In Greece researchers have used the technique of thermoluminescence to redate two small Greek pyramids in the Peloponnese from 400 BC____, determined by associated artefacts, back to the third millennium BC____, at the supposed time of the Egyptian pyramids! There is even a 500 year gap between the
>3rd- Ursa) Shamir [Journals] [SIS Review]
... , and the star of your god and which you fashioned yourselves (cf. Dwardu Cardona, Kronos IX:3 , p. 26). Cardona identified Chiun with Saturn. According to Amos the Israelites made the image of god and we have already established that the Commandments had been written with the aid of shamir, an instrument of ... . In Egypt, Ursa Major was regarded as the severed thigh of a bull (dismembered by Set) revolving around the north pole (in the third and second millennia BC____). In Siberia, the Khirgiz regarded the 7 stars as 7 watchmen guarding the smaller constellation of Ursa Minor from a wolf. If the wolf had the temerity
2700 stability) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... 1980, p. 151-4 Saturn's Braided F-ring'These two reports, complete with diagrams, tell of the theoretical work being done in explanation of the bizarre shaped F-ring of Saturn, which has a "braided" appearance. S. F. Dermott of Cornell University, writing for NATURE suggests that the ring is produced by resonance effects with ... , pp. 249-51 Wilson's Pyramidology Built on Sand Ian Johnson has sent us copies of Edgar Wilson's article "Evidence for the Stability of the Solar System Since c.2700 BC____" and his refutation of the same, which, because of its length, we are unable to print in full. Wilson's evidence is a rather colourful analysis of
2500 Stonehenge) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... Anatolia. (Dwardu Cardona has pointed out that a common entry in Babylonian astrological reports was when Shamash stands in the halo of Sin', but for Cardona Shamash is Saturn. Is Sin even the Moon? As depicted the crescent lies on its back, looking more like the Minoan depiction of bull horns.) Mayan creation The Independent ... the advantage of being able to interpret the meaning of ancient inscriptions, such as the circles, zigzags and spirals. At Stonehenge itself the **** of 4 bluestones around 2500 BC____ indicated a change from Moon worship to Sun worship. The mystery of the Long Man of Wilmington, a massive figure carved into the chalk hillside of southern England,
2500 Maya) Monitor [Journals] [SIS Workshop]
... new satellites have been found among Saturn's rings. Further observations may help to back up the theory that the ring system is a recent addition to the Solar System. On Saturn itself massive convective storms of ammonia erupt in the northern hemisphere during the Saturnian summer but so far there is no explanation. Time for a rethink?Time 6. ... Magazine Nov/Dec 1994, p. 9 A Mayan site at Colha was one of the largest stone tool making centres in the New World. Production lasted from 300 BC____ to 900 AD, when the lowland Maya civilization collapsed. Now an even earlier farming culture has been found beneath this site. Radiocarbon dating places this at 2500 BC____
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